Abstract:
Alkoxylated natural oils are useful for preparation of water-blown polyurethane foams and can replace polyols and emulsifiers generally used in the art to provide polyol compositions having greater shelf-stability and blend-stability. Methods for preparing polyol compositions useful for preparation of water-blown polyurethane compositions, for preparing the polyurethane compositions using the polyol compositions, and kits comprising the polyol compositions are also described.
Abstract:
Thermosetting powdered coating compositions comprising (a) a high Acid Value carboxylic acid functional polyester resin having an Acid Value of at least 100 mg KOH/g and a functionality of at least 4.5, (b) a low Acid Value carboxylic acid functional polyester resin having an Acid Value of 20 to 50 mg KOH/g and a functionality of about 2.5 or less, and (c) a cross-linking agent. The high Acid Value polyester resin is the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid or its anhydride reacted with a polyester polyol obtained from reacting 0 mol percent to 100 mol percent of isophthalic acid and/or 0 to 100 mol percent terephthalic acid, or a mixture thereof, with a polyol mixture comprising at least one dial and at least one polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups. The thermosetting powdered coating compositions provide coatings with low gloss levels that can be adjusted from a gloss level of less than 1 to 40 or less, when measured at an angle of 60 degrees.
Abstract:
A process for preparing a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) material that is enriched in the cis 9, trans 11 (rumenic acid) CLA isomer. The process involves subjecting a material containing at least 75 weight % CLA moieties to an enzymatic conversion, wherein the enzyme has the ability to discriminate between the cis 9, trans 11 and trans 10, cis 12 isomers. The enzyme is advantageously a lipase derived from Candida rugosa . The resulting CLA product stream is distilled to separate the free fatty acid fraction from the glyceride fraction. The recovered free fatty acid fraction contains about 55 weight % to about 70 weight % of the cis 9, trans 11 isomer (rumenic acid), and has a weight ratio of cis 9, trans 11 isomer to trans 10, cis 12 isomer of at least 3.5:1. The material enriched in rumenic acid may be used in foods, particularly infant formulas, or in food supplements or in pharmaceutical compositions.
Abstract:
N-Acyl amino acid salt compositions and an improved process for making them from fatty alkyl esters are disclosed. The process comprises reacting a fatty alkyl ester with an amino acid salt in the presence of an alkoxide catalyst at a pressure of at least 5 psig. At least 1 0 mole percent of catalyst is used based on the amount of fatty alkyl ester used as a reactant. Pressure and a minimum level of alkoxide catalyst are needed to give high fatty alkyl ester conversions and good yields of the desired N-acyl amino acid salt. The resulting N-acyl amino acid salt compositions have low color, an acceptable level of fatty acid soaps, and a small proportion of di-acylated by-products. Single-phase mixtures produced by combining various amino acid salts with glycinates, or by using an excess of either the fatty alkyl ester or amino acid salt, promote high conversions when the mixtures are reacted to give the desired N-acyl amino acid salt.
Abstract:
Surfactant compositions comprising an alkoxylate, a sulfate, or ether sulfate of a C 10 -C 12 monounsaturated alcohol are disclosed. The alkoxylate, sulfate, or ether sulfate may derive from undecylenic acid or undecylenic alcohol. Compared with their saturated analogs, the monounsaturated alkoxylates, sulfates, and ether sulfates are less irritating, making them valuable for personal care, laundry, cleaners, and other household applications. Microscopy studies show that the alkoxylates, sulfates, and ether sulfates have favorable phase behavior over a wide range of actives levels, expanding opportunities for products with greater compaction. When combined with cationic surfactants, the alkoxylates, sulfates, and ether sulfates exhibit synergy, and they have improved solubility compared with their saturated analogs. The surfactants find value for the personal care, laundry and cleaning, emulsion polymerization, agricultural products, oilfield applications, and specialty foams industries.
Abstract:
A process for making bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalates useful as antiplasticizers for thermoplastic polyesters is disclosed. Dimethyl terephthalate is reacted with an excess of an aryloxyalkanol in the presence of a condensation catalyst to produce an intermediate mixture comprising a bis(aryloxyaIkyl)terephthalate, a mono(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalate, and unreacted aryloxyalkanol. This mixture continues to react at reduced pressure while unreacted aryloxyalkanol is removed and the mono-ester content is reduced to less than 1 mole % based on the combined amounts of mono- and bis-esters. Both steps are performed substantially in the absence of oxygen. Additional unreacted aryloxyalkanol is then removed to provide a purified bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalate having an overall purity of at least 98 mole % and a yellowness index less than 10. Careful control over catalysis, exposure to air, and other process conditions enables the preparation of high yields of bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalates that have low color and other valuable attributes. A method of producing bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalate articles having improved compressive strength is also disclosed.
Abstract:
Light-duty liquid detergents derived from metathesized natural oil feedstocks are disclosed. The detergents comprise water, at least one anionic surfactant, and at least one secondary surfactant derived from a metathesis-derived C 10 -C 17 monounsaturated acid or its ester derivatives. In particular, the secondary surfactant is selected from C 10 amidoamines, quaternized C 10 or C 12 amidoamines, C 12 amidoamine oxides, C 12 sulfobetaines, C 12 amidoamine sulfobetaines, and C 12 alkanolamides. The detergents noted above rival or outperform commercial baselines in standard foam tests for liquid detergents, particularly those used for dishwashing.
Abstract:
Quaternary ammonium, betaine, or sulfobetaine compositions derived from fatty amines, wherein the fatty amine is made by reducing the amide reaction product of of a metathesis-derived C 10 -C 17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives and a secondary amine, are disclosed. Quaternary ammonium, betaine, or sulfobetaine compositions derived from fatty amidoamines, wherein the amidoamine is made by reacting of a metathesis-derived C 10 -C 17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives and an aminoalkyl- substituted tertiary amine, are also disclosed. The quaternized compositions are advantageously sulfonated or sulfitated. In one aspect, the ester derivative of the C 10 - C 17 monounsaturated acid or octadecene-1,18-dioic acid is a lower alkyl ester. In other aspects, the ester derivative is a modified triglyceride made by self-metathesis of a natural oil or an unsaturated triglyceride made by cross-metathesis of a natural oil with an olefin. The quaternary ammonium, betaine, and sulfobetaine compositions and their sulfonated or sulfitated derivatives are valuable for a wide variety of end uses, including cleaners, fabric treatment, hair conditioning, personal care (liquid cleansing products, conditioning bars, oral care products), antimicrobial compositions, agricultural uses, and oil field applications.
Abstract:
Fatty amide compositions and their derivatives are disclosed. The fatty amides comprise a reaction product of a metathesis-derived C 10 -C 17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives with a primary or secondary amine. Derivatives made by reducing, quaternizing, sulfonating, alkoxylating, sulfating, and sulfitating the fatty amide are also included. The amine reactant can be diethylenetriamine or (2-aminoethyl)ethanolamine, which provide imidazoline amides or esters, respectively. In one aspect, the ester derivative of the C 10 -C 17 monounsaturated acid or octadecene-1,18-dioic acid is a lower alkyl ester. In other aspects, the ester derivative is a modified triglyceride made by self-metathesis of a natural oil or an unsaturated triglyceride made by cross-metathesis of a natural oil with an olefin. The compositions are valuable for cleaners, fabric treatment, hair conditioning, personal care, antimicrobial compositions, agricultural uses, and oil field applications.
Abstract:
Sulfo-estolides and methods of making them are described. Useful methods include acid side bleaching, partial hydrogenation of the fatty acid, pretreatment of the fatty acid to provide color inhibition, acid side hydrolysis of the sulfo-estolides, or conversion of SHP to an essentially fully hydrolyzed product (HSHP) or a partially hydrolyzed product (PHSHP). Formulations and concentrated formulations of automatic dishwasher detergent or machine wash detergent compositions containing sulfo-estolides, among others, are also included.