Abstract:
The elimination of activity dips in the output of vibrating beam accelerometers has often required an adjustment of parameters in conflict with other design criteria. This problem is overcome by the present accelerometer that comprises a pendulum (48) and a force transducer. The pendulum has first (49) and second (52) ends and a first axis (P) extending between the first and second ends. The pendulum is hingedly connected at its first end to a support (50) along a second axis (F) perpendicular to the first axis. The force transducer comprises an oscillator and a dual beam force sensing element (53) connected between the second end of the pendulum and the support. The point of connection of the force sensing element to the pendulum lies along the first axis. The force transducer is adapted for vibration over a predetermined operating range (44) of beam vibration frequencies. The second end of the pendulum is formed so as to cause the frequencies of pendulum vibration modes to lie outside the operating range, preferably by controlling the mass of the pendulum at the outer edges of the second end so as to cause the normal mode frequency of twisting vibration of the pendulum about the first axis to lie outside the operating range. In another aspect, the pendulum has a width dimension parallel to the second axis, and the width of the pendulum decreases from a point intermediate the ends of the pendulum to the second end.
Abstract:
A servoed accelerometer (10) is connected with an accumulator (21) to provide a binary digital output. The accumulator output is connected with a digital-to-analog converter (25) which provided an analog rebalance signal to the accelerometer.
Abstract:
Thermally induced stress between a quartz proof mass (204) and the metal stators (200, 202) which constrain it are relieved by a suspension system employing pliant members. Contact points between the proof mass (110) and the stators (80) are formed by raised pads (224, 226) of the proof mass (204) which contact beams (220, 222) formed in the stators. Each beam (220, 222) has an axis of pliancy, which axis extends through a fixed, stable contact point (98) between the proof mass (204) and the stators (200, 202), the beam (220, 222) being otherwise rigid to applied forces along axes orthogonal to the axis of pliancy. The resulting suspension system exhibits compliance to thermally induced loads while providing rigidity in response to seismic loads. In alternative embodiments of the suspension system, the pliant beams are positioned to provide temperature compensation for components of the transducer.
Abstract:
A transducer assembly (10) includes first and second stators (14, 16) which are axially aligned with, and bear upon opposite sides of a proof mass (12). The stators (14, 16) and proof mass (12) are clamped together by means of a sleeve (100) having a side portion (102) with upper and lower flanges (104, 106) projecting therefrom. An inner sleeve element (110), formed from a material having a different coefficient of thermal expansion than the side portion (102), is disposed between the flanges (104, 106). The temperature of the sleeve (100) is controlled such that the inner sleeve element (110) produces a tensile stress on said flanges (104, 106), increasing the spacing therebetween. The flanges (104, 106) are then joined to the stators (14, 16). Thereafter, the temperature of the sleeve (100) is controlled such that the tensile stress produced by the inner sleeve element (110) on the flanges is reduced producing a compression force tending to reduce the flanging spacing. This compression force is transmitted to the stators (14, 16) and proof mass (12) as a controlled compressive axial preload.
Abstract:
A crash survivable memory unit (10) for an aircraft flight data recorder system wherein an electronically erasable solid state memory (38) for storing the flight data and a memory controller circuit (32) are housed in a penetration resistant, thermally insulated enclosure (60). Power dissipation within the insulated enclosure is minimized by an external switching circuit (48) that applies operating potential to the solid state memory (38) only when data are being transferred to and from the memory circuit (38). A data protection circuit (58), located within the insulated enclosure (60) inhibits memory write and erase operations whenever the system operating potential falls below a predetermined level. In continuously storing flight data, the oldest stored data is overwritten with newly arriving flight data and the memory controller (32) maintains an erased boundary that defines the beginning and end of the recorded data. A power monitor circuit (52), located outside the insulated enclosure (60), resets the memory controller (32) to the erased boundary following a power interruption. A dedicated portion of the memory space is utilized to store the address of faulty memory locations (detected during the data storage sequence) and stores the beginning and ending memory address of selected portions of the data record. The memory controller (32) is sequenced to skip both the faulty memory locations and memory storage locations associated with the selected portions of the data record when new flight data are being stored.
Abstract:
A terrain advisory system (10) utilizes stored data (18) representative of terrain and other obstacles in predeterminded geographical areas of interest to provide advisory warnings of the proximity of terrain, obstacles and restricted areas as they are approached. When used in a vehicle such as an aircraft, the system monitors (12, 13) the position, altitude, ground speed, ground track and the vertical speed of the vehicle and provides advisory indications of the position and path of travel of the vehicle with respect to obstacles and terrain. Such advisory indications may take the form of voice warnings (26) describing the nature and position of any obstacles, or a visual display (34, 36) showing the position of the obstacles and terrain with respect to the vehicle.
Abstract:
An aircraft flight data recorder housing (12) comprising a titanium alloy having a nominal composition of 15 weight percent vanadium, 3 weight percent chromium, 3 weight percent tin, and 3 weight percent aluminum with the balance being titanium and, within limitations, certain trace elements. The alloy is simultaneously hot formed and solution heat treated at temperatures on the order of 1400oF to 1500oF to fabricate the recorder housing (12).
Abstract:
A mounting system for mounting a transducer (14) to a case (16) such that the transducer position is fixed and stable, and such that stresses on the transducer due to thermal expansion are minimized. The mounting system comprises a band (20), transducer arms (22) extending in a first axial direction from the band, and support arms (24) extending in a second, opposite axial direction from the band. The transducer arms (22) are connected to the transducer (14), and the support arms (24) to the case (16). In response to differential thermal expansion, the arms S bend in a radial direction.
Abstract:
A vibrating crystal transducer for measuring temperature including a bonding area from which three or more tines extend. The tines have a torsional mode resonant frequency that is a function of temperature. Electrodes on the transducer excite the tines into vibration so that the torsional moments of the adjacent edges of the adjacent tines are reverse symmetric. When the tines are vibrated, the reverse symmetrical vibrational moments of the individual tines cancel so that there is no torsional moment, or twisting, within the area between the points where the tines intersect, which is the area defined by the bonding area. Since the bonding area does not serve as a sink for torsional energy, torsional energy is not lost through the bonding area so that the transducer has a relatively high quality factor and torsional vibration of the transducer cannot cause the transducer to eventually work loose of a mounting pad to which it is attached.
Abstract:
An improved capacitor plate geometry for a force rebalance accelerometer. The accelerometer (10) has a reed (14) that includes a support (32, 82, 142), a paddle (34, 80, 140) suspended from the support for rotational movement with respect thereto, and a force balancing coil (24, 88, 152, 162). The coil is mounted on a surface (86, 150, 160) of the paddle such that it surrounds an area of that surface. The accelerometer also includes a position detecting circuit that provides an indication of the relative position of the paddle with respect to the support. The position detecting circuit includes a capacitor plate (60, 90, 154, 164) on the paddle. The improvement provided by the invention lies in the fact that at least a portion of the capacitor plate is positioned in the area of the paddle surface surrounded by the coil.