Abstract:
A photoelectron emitting member (10) comprises a matrix (11) that is at least composed of a material capable of transmitting ultraviolet rays and a material (12) that is provided on the surface of said matrix or in its neighborhood and which emits photoelectrons (7) upon irradiation (14) with ultraviolet rays or sunlight, said member emitting photoelectrons upon irradiation with ultraviolet rays or sunlight in an electric field from the side opposite to the irradiated side. The member permits efficient utilization of the energy of ultraviolet rays. When sunlight is applied to the member to have it emit photoelectrons, particles can be electrically charged with energy costs being reduced to substantially zero.
Abstract:
A photoelectron emitting member having a multiplex structure comprises a matrix and a protective film, said matrix being selected from the group consisting of elements, inorganic compounds, alloys, mixtures thereof and composites thereof which emit photoelectrons upon exposure to uv rays and other forms of radiation, said protective film comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of metals, metallic compounds, plastics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof which is film-forming and not thicker than 0.2 µm. The member can be used in a consistent way over a prolonged period as well as being capable of effective emission of photoelectrons. Fine particles electrically charged with photoelectrons which are emitted upon applying uv rays and/or other forms of radiation to the photoelectron emitting member, can be used in various applications such as (a) separation and classification of fine particles, as well as modifying their surfaces and controlling an electrically charged amount thereof; (b) the measurement of the concentration and size of fine particles in gases such as air and waste gases by using electrically charged fine particles; and (c) trapping and removal of charged fine particles to produce clean gases.
Abstract:
Procédé et dispositif de production d'électrons utilisant un couplage de champ et l'effet photoélectrique. Selon l'invention, on envoie, sous incidence rasante, un premier rayonnement (6) du domaine infrarouge, polarisé rectilignement, sur une cible (2) faite d'un matériau non électriquement isolant et, simultanément, on envoie sur ladite cible, sous incidence non rasante, un second rayonnement (8) du domaine visible ou ultraviolet, et de telle façon qu'une même zone de la cible soit atteinte par le premier et le second rayonnements, le plan de polarisation du premier rayonnement étant en outre tel qu'il contienne une normale à ladite zone, cette zone produisant alors des électrons. Application à la réalisation de lasers à électrons libres.
Abstract:
The photosensitivity of a photomultiplier dynode to white light or infrared radiation is greatly reduced by coating the dynode with a layer of an alkali halide material having good secondary electron emission characteristics. A method of applying the coating to the dynode is also described.