Abstract:
An HTS microwave circuit comprises a first layer (4) and a second layer (6), the first layer having a first HTS microwave circuit (8) extending between an input (15) and output (16), and the second layer having a second microwave circuit (17) that is coupled to the first circuit. The second circuit (17) has switch elements (19) that are compatible with MEMs technology, or flip-chip technology, but incompatible with HTS material. The switch elements are connected into the second circuit to interact with and control the HTS circuit.
Abstract:
An analog processor for use with digital satellites is disclosed. The analog processor is connected between the receiving circuitry of the satellite and a pool of digital on-board processors, and segments the bandwidth of uplink RF beams into sub-bands that can be processed more readily with standard, low-risk, low-power digital processors. Using the present invention, the risk of employing a particular digital processor technology can be managed and optimized. The present invention also provides for the dynamic allocation and reallocation of the available on-board digital processing bandwidth based on the anticipated traffic pattern and changes in the traffic pattern. In addition, the present invention facilitates the use of standard and non-standard redundancy schemes at minimal hardware expense.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a fully monolithic cross-point switch niatrix and method of operation thereof which overcomes the isolation problems between unconnected ports of the prior art. This is accomplished by the addition of an Isolation Enhancement Network (IEN) connected between each of the input and output transmission lines at each of the cross-points. The switch matrix is comprised of a tiled interconnection of MxN of the 1x1 switch/IEN (SIEN) cells, where N and M are the number of input and output ports respectively. Each of the SIEN cells can be independently configured into one of two operating modes, connected or unconnected. The switching element is configured to provide a high isolation path between the input and output lines in the unconnected mode of operation. In this case, a small fraction of the input signal injected at the input port appears at the output port. This output signal is comprised of two components. The first component arises from a number of stray coupling mechanisms between the input and output lines but does not include the portion of the input signal which passes tllrough the IEN. The dominant area of this stray coupling occurs at the point where the input and output transmission lines cross. The second component of the output signal is purposely injected via the IEN. The IEN couples a small portion of the input signal, adjust its amplitude and phase, and then recouples it to the output line so that the resultant signal has the same amplitude but is 180 degrees out-of-phase with the first component. The result is a cancellation of the two components yielding an improvement in the isolation between the two ports. The compensation signal injected by the IEN into the output line is significantly lower than the main signal component when the switching element is in the connected state, thereby allowing the input signal to be routed to the output with insignificant perturbation.
Abstract:
A free-space optical lasercom system is disclosed which includes an optical subsystem for receiving an Rx signal and sending a Tx signal, wherein said optical subsystem establishes a focal plane. A first optical fiber with an end coupled to the optical subsystem for directing the Rx signal to an RX detector. A second optical fiber is also included with an end coupled to the optical subsystem for directing the Tx signal from a Tx laser source. A linear X-Y shifting apparatus is used for positioning the respective ends of the first and second optical fibers in the focal plane of the optical subsystem so as to maintain a desired coupling efficiency.
Abstract:
A device for changing the operating frequency of a microwave filter is mounted in a wall (6) of a cavity (8) of the filter. The device has a bellows that is located inside the cavity. The bellows contains an elongated member (16) that extends outside the cavity to an actuator (24). The actuator can be temperature dependent and moves the elongated member either further into or further out of the cavity as desired. An interior end (18) of the elongated member can be connected to the bellows or it can simply be in contact with the bellows without being connected. When the elongated member is in contact with the bellows and is not connected, when the elongated member moves outward, the bellows will return to a rest position due to its inherent spring. The bellows is sealed from an interior of the cavity. Filters using the device have one device located primarily for each mode in each cavity of the filter.
Abstract:
A redundancy combiner assembly has two amplifiers (1, 2) connected in parallel along a waveguide path to a hybrid (3dB). The hybrid is connected through a transfer switch to an antenna The hybrid contains a movable coupling plate. The coupling plate has a coupling array to allow combining of signals of the amplifiers in one position. When one of the amplifiers fails, the coupling plate is replaced by a metal wall and the output from the failed amplifier is directed by the switch to a dump load while the output from the operating amplifier is directed to the antenna. The assembly is controlled by a controller, which monitors the amplifiers and controls the movement of the coupling plate and the switch.
Abstract:
A planar dual mode filter has one or more resonators (28) with L-shaped sections (30, 32) that are oriented back to back to one another. The filter can be constructed by adjusting the size of a gap (G) between the back to back sections and adjusting the offset distance (L) between adjacent sections. The filters can be co-planar, stripline, suspended microstripline or microstripline. The filters have a film (14) on a substrate (16) with a ground plane. The film can be gold, silver or copper or it can be a ceramic material that becomes superconductive at cryogenic temperatures.
Abstract:
A microwave switch that is an switch or a C-switch or the like has an electromagnetic actuator and a plurality of armatures (151,152,153,154). The armatures move simultaneously in a linear path in response to the electromagnetic actuator. The actuator has one permanent magnet (142,143,144,145) for each aperture and the switch has at least one coil winding (116,117). When an electric current is passed through the winding, the armatures move into a closed or open position, as desired. The only moving parts in the switch are the armatures themselves. The switch does not contain any complex mechanical arrangement or return springs that have been found in previous stitches. The mass and volume of the switch as well as the number of moving parts is greatly reduced when compared to previous switches. This is very important when the switch is used in satellites.