公开(公告)号：US20020128161A1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-12

申请号：US10097324

申请日：2002-03-14

Inventor： David T. Wickham ,  Jeffrey Engel ,  Michael E. Karpuk

IPC: C10L001/10

CPC classification number: C10G75/04 ,  C10G9/16 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10L1/2406 ,  C10L1/2412 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L10/06 ,  Y10S585/95

Abstract: Materials and methods for inhibiting the formation of filamentous coke on heated metal surfaces. Organoselenium compounds, including diarylselenides, diaryldiselenides, alkylarylselenides, and alkylaryldiselenides, are employed as hydrocarbon feedstock additives or as hydrocarbon fuel additives to inhibit filamentous coke formation on hydrocarbon processing systems, including reactors, furnaces, engines and parts thereof and in particular to inhibit filamentous coke formation on heat-exchangers in such systems.

Abstract translation: 用于抑制在加热的金属表面上形成丝状焦炭的材料和方法。 有机硒化合物，包括二芳基硒化物，二芳基二硒化物，烷基芳基硒化物和烷基芳基二硒化物，被用作烃原料添加剂或烃燃料添加剂，以抑制碳氢化合物处理系统（包括反应器，熔炉，发动机及其部分）的丝状焦炭形成，特别是抑制丝状焦炭 在这种系统中的热交换器上形成。

公开(公告)号：US5688295A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-18

申请号：US646659

申请日：1996-05-08

Applicant: Chung-Hsien Yang

Inventor： Chung-Hsien Yang

IPC: C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/16 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L10/00 ,  C10L10/02

CPC classification number: C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/023 ,  C10L1/026 ,  C10L1/143 ,  C10L10/02 ,  C10L1/1608 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1852 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L1/285

Abstract: A compound for use as an additive to gasoline or as a fuel is provided. The compound has the molecular formula: ##STR1## is provided where R is CH.sub.3, C.sub.3 H.sub.6, C.sub.7 H.sub.8, C.sub.6 H.sub.10, or C.sub.10 H.sub.18 ; R.sub.1 is a carbonyl group (C.dbd.O), R.sub.2 is H or --OH (hydroxyl), and R.sub.3 is an aliphatic compound or a silicon compound. The product is formed through pressure reaction to generate energy chain and change the original molecular structure to form a closed chain. Due to the reaction mechanism, a mixture is provided which is approximately 40.about.70% alcohol, approximately 2.5.about.18% ketone and ethers, and approximately 4.about.20% aliphatic and silicon compounds. It has 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 18 hydrogen and 3 to 16 oxygen atoms. The mixture is added to gasoline to provide a fuel mixture. The fuel mixture contains up to 70% by volume of the additive mixture. When added to gasoline, the compound of the invention increases motor power and reduces pollutants put out by the motor.

Abstract translation: 提供了用作汽油或燃料添加剂的化合物。 该化合物具有分子式：其中R是CH 3，C 3 H 6，C 7 H 8，C 6 H 10或C 10 H 18; R1为羰基（C = O），R2为H或-OH（羟基），R3为脂肪族化合物或硅化合物。 产物通过压力反应形成，产生能量链，改变原有的分子结构形成闭合链。 由于反应机理，提供了一种混合物，其为约40％的70％醇，约2.5％的18％酮和醚，以及约4％的20％脂族和硅化合物。 它具有2至10个碳原子和3至18个氢和3至16个氧原子。 将混合物加入到汽油中以提供燃料混合物。 燃料混合物含有高达70体积％的添加剂混合物。 当添加到汽油中时，本发明的化合物增加电机功率并减少由电动机排出的污染物。

公开(公告)号：US3816439A

公开(公告)日：1974-06-11

申请号：US15306271

申请日：1971-06-14

Applicant: MONSANTO CO

Inventor： SULZBACH R ,  IQBAL A

IPC: C07F7/10 ,  C08K5/3432 ,  C08K5/544 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C07D31/46

CPC classification number: C08K5/3432 ,  C07F7/10 ,  C08K5/5442 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/232 ,  C10L1/2443 ,  C10L1/28

Abstract: 1,2,3-TRI(R-),2-(Z-C(-R3)(-CH3)-),4-R1,5,6-DI(R2-)-

1,2-DIHYDROPYRIDINE

SUBSTITUTED 1,2-DIHYDROPYRIDINES OF THE FORMULA

IN WHICH R AND R2 ARE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROGEN, -NR2, SILYL, SILYL LINKED VIA OXYGEN, SILYL LINKED VIA NITROGEN, SULFAMYL, ORGANOSULFONAMIDO, NITRO ORGANIC RADICAL, ORGANIC RADICAL LINKED VIA OXYGEN, ORGANIC RADICAL LINKED VIA SULFUR, ORGANIC RAIDCAL LINKED VIA NITROGEN, ORGANIC RADICAL LINKED VIA -SO-AND ORGANIC RADICCAL LINKED VIA -SO2-; WITH THE PROVISO THAT THE R2 GROUP INGS WHEN JOINED TOGETHER FORM AN ORTHO CONDENSED SYCLIC OR POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBON; R1 IS A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROGEN, -NH2, SILYL, SILYL LINKED VIA OXYGEN, SILYL LINKED VIA NITROGEN, SULFAMYL, ORGANOSULFONAMIDO, NITRO, ORGANIC RADICAL, ORGANIC RADICAL LINKED VIA OXYGEN ORGANIC RADICAL LINKED VIA SULFUR, ORGANIC RADICAL LINKED VIA NITROGEN, ORGANIC RADICAL LINKED VIA-SO-ORGANIC RADICAL LINKED VIA -SO1- MERCAPTO. SULFINO AND SULFO; R3 IS A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROGEN, HALOGEN AND METHYL; AND Z IS A MEMBER SELELCTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HALOGEN AND AN ELECTRON WITHDRAWING GROUP CONTAINING AN ELECTROONEGATIVE ATOM DOUBLY OR TRIPLY BONDED TO A MORE POSITIVE ATOM WHICH ATOM IS SINGLY BONDED TO THE CARBON ATOM ATTACHED TO THE PYRIDINE RING, EXEMPLARY OF SUCH COMPOSITIONS IS 1,4-BIS (TRIMETHYLSILY)-2-(1-CYANOETHYL)-1,2-DIHYDROPYRIDINE. THE COMPOUNDS OF THE INVENTION ARE USEFUL AS ANTIOXIDANTS FOR POLYPHENYL ETHERS, AS STABILIZERS FOR HALOGEN ATED POLYHYDROCARBONS, AS CURING AGENTS FOR SILICONES AND EXPOXIDE RESINS, AS DYEING IMPROVERS FOR POLYESTERS AND AS FUEL ADDITIVES FOR IMPARTING HYPERGOLIC PROPERTIES.

公开(公告)号：US3582295A

公开(公告)日：1971-06-01

申请号：US3582295D

申请日：1967-04-07

Applicant: ETHYL CORP

Inventor： BALASH LAWRENCE J

IPC: C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/28

CPC classification number: C10L1/143 ,  C10L1/224 ,  C10L1/232 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L1/285

Abstract: GASOLINE CONTAINING, AS AN IMPROVED ANTI-ICING ADDITIVE, THE COMBINATION OF A SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLINE, AN AMIDE OR MIXTURES THEREOF AND AN ORGANIC SILICON COMPOUND. EXAMPLES OF THE IMIDAZOLINE AND AMIDE ARE 1-(2HYDROXYETHYL)-2-HEPTADECENYL IMIDAZOLINE AND N(2-AMINOETHYL)-N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-OLEYLAMIDE. EXAMPLES OF SUITABLE ORGANIC SILICON COMPOUNDS ARE POLYHYDROCARBYLSILOXANES AND ALKYL SILICATES.

公开(公告)号：US3240795A

公开(公告)日：1966-03-15

申请号：US20708362

申请日：1962-07-02

Applicant: EXXON RESEARCH ENGINEERING CO

Inventor： RAMSDEN HUGH E

IPC: C07F5/04 ,  C07F7/00 ,  C07F7/08 ,  C07F7/12 ,  C07F7/22 ,  C07F7/30 ,  C07F9/02 ,  C08G77/60 ,  C08G79/00 ,  C08G79/12 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L1/30 ,  C10M139/04 ,  C10M139/06 ,  F02B3/06 ,  H01B3/20

CPC classification number: C07F9/02 ,  C07F5/04 ,  C07F7/00 ,  C07F7/0803 ,  C07F7/0809 ,  C07F7/12 ,  C07F7/22 ,  C07F7/30 ,  C08G77/60 ,  C08G79/00 ,  C08G79/12 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L1/301 ,  C10L1/305 ,  C10L1/306 ,  C10M139/04 ,  C10M139/06 ,  C10M2227/04 ,  C10M2227/081 ,  C10M2227/082 ,  C10M2227/083 ,  C10N2240/08 ,  C10N2240/201 ,  C10N2240/202 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  F02B3/06 ,  H01B3/20

Abstract: The invention comprises 9,10-dihydroanthracene compounds having the formula-(A)-ZBy wherein -(A)- is a 9,10-dihydro-9,10-anthrylene diradical; Z is a tetravalent atom of Si, Sn, Pb or Ge; B is another diradical -(A)-, a monovalent C1 to C22 hydrocarbyl radical or a halogen atom; y is 0 to 3, except that when B is the diradical -(A)-, y is 1; the unsatisfied bond of the diradical -(A)- is joined to said atom Z, By Z-, hydrogen, a C1 to C8 alkyl radical or a C6-C10 aryl radical; and all unsatisfie bonds of said atom Z are bonded to a monovalent C1 to C22 hydrocarbyl radical or a halogen atom. The aforesaid 9,10-dihydroanthracene compounds may be prepared by reacting an alkali-metal adduct of anthracene, usubstituted or substituted at the 1-8 positions, by unreactive groupings such as C1-C8 alkyl radicals, with a halide of the formula RnZX4- n, wherein R is a hydrocarbyl radical and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. The reaction may be carried out in an inert solvent such as saturated hydrocarbons, dialkyl ethers and cyclic ethers under anhydrous conditions in an inert atmosphere, under reflux provided that such a temperature does not lead to decomposition of the reactants or product. The alkali metal adducts, such as 9,10-dihydro-9,10disodio-anthrylene, may be prepared by reacting the alkali metal with the anthracene or a derivative thereof under conditions similar to those above. The 9,10-dihydroanthracene compound may be a homopolymer having repetitive monomeric units of the formula wherein R and R1 are C1 to C22 hydrocarbyl radicals or halogen atoms; such homopolymers may be formed by utilizing halides of the formula R2ZX2, RZX3 or ZX4 in the preparative reaction.ALSO:The invention comprises 9, 10-dihydroanthracene compounds having the formula -(A)-Z By wherein -(A)- is a 9, 10-dihydro9, 10-anthrylene diradical; Z is a tetravalent atom of Si, Sn, Pb or Ge; B is another diradical -(A)-, a monovalent C1 to C22 hydrocarbyl radical or a halogen atom; y is an integer from 0 to 3, except that when B is the diradical -(A)-, y is 1; the unsatisfied bond of the diradical -(A)- is joined to said atom Z, By Z-, hydrogen, a C1 to C8 alkyl radical or a C6-C10 aryl radical; and all unsatisfied bonds of said atom Z are bonded to a monovalent C1 to C22 hydrocarbyl radical or a halogen atom. The organometallic compounds of the invention are useful, in amounts ranging from 0.1-30 gm. per gallon, as additives to hydrocarbon fuels for controlling combustion chamber deposits and to improve storage stability. The lead anthracenyl derivatives can be used as additives to gasolines and to lubricatng oils and greases whilst the germanium derivatives are suitable as antiknock and antioxidant additives to gasolines. The dialkyl (9, 10-dihydro-9, 10-anthrylene) tin compounds can be used in amounts of 0.1-5% by weight to improve the oxidation stability of phenate containing hydrocarbon base stocks which are used, for example as crankcase lubricants in diesel engines. Those compounds in which a tin atom is bonded only to 9,10-dihydroanthrylene or other hydrocarbyl radicals, for example, R3Sn-A-SnR3 and A = SnR2 wherein R is a C1-C22 hydrocarbyl radical and similarly substituted polymers are useful in amount 0.01-20% by weight as stabilizers for transformer oils. The R3Si-A-SiR3 compounds and liquid silico anthracenyl polymers are useful per se as high temperature oils and hydraulic fluids and also as additives to hydrocarbon oils. Those silicon anthracenyl compounds in which unreacted halogen is bonded to silicon can be converted by methods similar to those used with other hydrocarbyl silicon halides to heat stable silicone oils and resins.ALSO:The invention comprises 9,10-dihydroanthracene compounds having the formula-(A)-ZBy wherein -(A)- is a 9,10-dihydro-9,10-anthrylene diradical; Z is a tetravalent atom of Si, Sn, Pb or Ge; B is another diradical -(A)-, a monovalent C1 to C22 hydrocarbyl radical or a halogen atom; y is an integer from 0 to 3, except that when B is the diradical -(A)-, y is 1; the unsatisfied bond of the diradical -(A)- is joined to said atom Z, ByZ-, hydrogen, a C1 to C8 alkyl radical or a C6-C10 aryl radical; and all unsatisfied bonds of said atom Z are bonded to a monovalent C1 to C22 hydrocarbyl radical or a halogen atom. The aforesaid 9,10-dihydro-anthracene compounds may be prepared by reacting an alkali-metal adduct of anthracene, unsubstituted or substituted at the 1-8 positions by unreactive groupings such as C1-C8 alkyl radicals, with a halide of the formula RnZX4- n wherein R is a hydrocarbyl radical and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. The reaction may be carried out in an inert solvent such as saturated hydrocarbons, dialkyl ethers and cyclic ethers under anhydrous conditions in an inert atmosphere, under reflux provided that such a temperature does not lead to decomposition of the reactants or product. The alkali metal adducts, such as 9,10-dihydro-9,10-disodio-anthrylene, may be prepared by reacting the alkali metal with the anthracene or a derivative thereof under conditions similar to those above. The 9,10-dihydroanthracene compound may be a homopolymer have repetitive monomeric units of the formula wherein R and R1 are C1 to C22 hydrocarbyl radicals or halogen atoms, such homopolymers may be formed by utilizing halides of the formula R2ZX2, RZX3 or ZX4 in the preparative reaction.ALSO:The invention comprises, 9, 10-dihydroanthracene compounds having the formula -(A)-ZBy wherein -(A)- is a 9, 10-dihydro-9, 10-anthrylene diradical; Z is a tetravalent atom of Si, Sn, Pb or Ge; B is another diradical -(A)-, a monovalent C1 to C22 hydrocarbyl radical or a halogen atom; y is an integer from 0 to 3, except that when B is the diradical -(A)-, y is 1; the unsatisfied bond of the diradical -(A)- is joined to said atom Z, By Z-, hydrogen, a C1 to C8 alkyl radical or a C6-C10 aryl radical; and all unsatisfied bonds of said atom Z are bonded to a monovalent C1 to C22 hydrocarbyl radical or a halogen atom. Derivatives having a single halogen or other functional group bonded to a tin atom e.g. trihydrocarbyl tin halides, hydroxides, oxides and esters have biocidal, insecticidal, fungicidal and germicidal activity and can be used in an amount by weight of 1 ppm to 90% to combat mildew and other fungal growth on cellulose e.g. in pulp mills and may also be incorporated in paints for combatting marine growths and mildew. The dihydrocarbyl tin compounds and their amine adjuvants or derivatives thereof e.g. piperazine or dimethyl piperazine can be incorporated in poultry foods as anthelmintics and coccidiostats. Dibutyl-9, 10-dihydro-9, 10 anthrylene tin is, in an example, shown to be active against certain common soil fungi and to have a low phytotoxicity when spread in amounts as low as 10 lbs per acre as a 10% dust and when sprayed as a formulation of 1000 ppm to as low as 20 ppm, with acetone and emulsifier dispersed in water onto bean plants inoculated with powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe polygoni).

公开(公告)号：US3068241A

公开(公告)日：1962-12-11

申请号：US6063748

申请日：1948-11-17

Applicant: US RUBBER CO

Inventor： HERBERT SARGENT

IPC: C07F7/08 ,  C10L1/28

CPC classification number: C10L1/28 ,  C07F7/0896

公开(公告)号：US2843467A

公开(公告)日：1958-07-15

申请号：US42884254

申请日：1954-05-10

Applicant: GULF RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CO

Inventor： ROCCHINI ALBERT G

IPC: C10L1/28

CPC classification number: C10L1/28

公开(公告)号：US2432109A

公开(公告)日：1947-12-09

申请号：US55665244

申请日：1944-09-30

Applicant: ZISMAN WILLIAM A ,  BAKER HAYWARD R ,  MURPHY JR CHARLES M

Inventor： ZISMAN WILLIAM A ,  BAKER HAYWARD R ,  MURPHY JR CHARLES M

IPC: C10L1/28

CPC classification number: C10L1/28 ,  C10L1/285 ,  Y10T29/46 ,  Y10T29/47

公开(公告)号：US06887835B1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-03

申请号：US10404176

申请日：2003-03-31

Applicant: Cyril A. Migdal ,  Robert G. Rowland ,  David J. Sikora ,  Frederick D. Osterholtz

Inventor： Cyril A. Migdal ,  Robert G. Rowland ,  David J. Sikora ,  Frederick D. Osterholtz

IPC: C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/26 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L1/30 ,  C10L10/04 ,  C10M137/10 ,  C10M139/02 ,  C10M139/04 ,  C10M141/12 ,  C10M155/02 ,  C10M169/02 ,  C10M169/04 ,  C10N30/06 ,  C10N40/04 ,  C10N40/08 ,  C10N40/20 ,  C10N40/25 ,  C10N40/30

CPC classification number: C10L10/08 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/265 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L10/04 ,  C10M139/02 ,  C10M139/04 ,  C10M141/12 ,  C10M2219/082 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10M2227/02 ,  C10M2227/04 ,  C10N2230/06

Abstract: Lubricants, especially lubricating oils, and fuels, especially hydrocarbon fuels, contain a class of anti-wear, anti-fatigue, and extreme pressure additives that are derived from silanes. The additives can be used as either partial or complete replacements for zinc dialkyldithiophosphates currently used in lubricants and fuels.

Abstract translation: 润滑剂，特别是润滑油和燃料，特别是烃燃料，含有一类来自硅烷的抗磨损，抗疲劳和极压添加剂。 添加剂可用作目前用于润滑剂和燃料的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的部分或完全替代物。

公开(公告)号：US20050081433A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10688711

申请日：2003-10-17

Applicant: Xiaoming Ren ,  Kevin Shufon ,  Frank Kovacs

Inventor： Xiaoming Ren ,  Kevin Shufon ,  Frank Kovacs

IPC: C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/12 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L1/30

CPC classification number: C10L1/003 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/1216 ,  C10L1/1275 ,  C10L1/1852 ,  C10L1/28 ,  C10L1/301 ,  C10L1/303 ,  F17C11/005

Abstract: Fuel mixtures for direct methanol fuel cells are disclosed. The fuels include methanol and additives that react with water to produce methanol and other easily electro-oxidizable compounds including dimethyloxymethane, methylorthoformate, tetramethylorthocarbonate, trimethylborate, and tetramethylorthosilicate. Other additives to improve safety and efficiency of the fuel cell include sulfonated activated carbon particles and metal hydrides, such as LiAlH4, NaBH4, LiBH4, (CH3)2 NHBH3, NaAlH4, B2H6, NaCNBH3, CaH2, LiH, NaH, KH or sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) dihydridaluminate.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于直接甲醇燃料电池的燃料混合物。 燃料包括与水反应以产生甲醇的甲醇和添加剂，以及其它易于电氧化的化合物，包括二甲氧基甲烷，原甲酸甲酯，原碳酸四甲酯，硼酸三甲酯和原硅酸四甲酯。 提高燃料电池的安全性和效率的其它添加剂包括磺化活性炭颗粒和金属氢化物，例如LiAlH 4，NaBH 4，LiBH 4，/ >，（CH 3 3）2 NHBH 3，NaAlH 4，B 2， H 6，NaCNBH 3，CaH 2，LiH，NaH，KH或双（2-甲氧基乙氧基）二氢铝酸钠。