公开(公告)号：US08204174B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-19

申请号：US12708579

申请日：2010-02-19

Applicant: Dean Connor ,  Christopher Parham ,  Etta Pisano ,  Waldo S. Hinshaw ,  Zhong Zhong ,  Brian P. Wilfley

Inventor： Dean Connor ,  Christopher Parham ,  Etta Pisano ,  Waldo S. Hinshaw ,  Zhong Zhong ,  Brian P. Wilfley

IPC: G01N23/087 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/207 ,  G21K1/06

CPC classification number: A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/502 ,  A61B6/5282 ,  A61B6/542 ,  G21K2201/062 ,  G21K2207/005 ,  H01J2235/068 ,  H01J2235/08

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting an image of an object by use of X-ray beams generated by multiple small area sources are disclosed. A plurality of monochromator crystals may be positioned to intercept the plurality of first X-ray beams such that a plurality of second X-ray beams each having predetermined energy levels is produced. Further, an object to be imaged may be positioned in paths of the second x-ray beams for transmission of the second X-ray beams through the object and emitting from the object a plurality of transmission X-ray beams. The X-ray beams may be directed at angles of incidence upon a plurality of analyzer crystals for detecting an image of the object.

Abstract translation: 公开了通过使用由多个小区域源产生的X射线束来检测物体的图像的系统和方法。 可以将多个单色器晶体定位成截取多个第一X射线束，使得产生多个具有预定能级的第二X射线束。 此外，要成像的物体可以位于第二X射线束的路径中，用于透过物体传输第二X射线束，并从物体发射多个透射X射线束。 X射线束可以以多个分析器晶体的入射角定向，以检测物体的图像。

公开(公告)号：US20100310045A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-09

申请号：US12809238

申请日：2007-12-21

Applicant: Kevin John Brown ,  Maria Giulia Thompspm ,  Vibeke Nordmark Hansen ,  Philip Mark Evans ,  David Anthony Roberts

Inventor： Kevin John Brown ,  Maria Giulia Thompspm ,  Vibeke Nordmark Hansen ,  Philip Mark Evans ,  David Anthony Roberts

IPC: G01N23/04 ,  H05G1/52 ,  A61N5/10

CPC classification number: H05H7/12 ,  H01J35/00 ,  H01J2235/08 ,  H05H6/00 ,  H05H9/04

Abstract: X-ray apparatus comprises a linear accelerator adapted to produce a beam of electrons at one of at least two selectable energies and being controlled to change the selected energy on a periodic basis, and a target to which the beam is directed thereby to produce a beam of x-radiation, the target being non-homogenous and being driven to move periodically in synchrony with the change of the selected energy. In this way, the target can move so that a different part is exposed to the electron beam when different pulses arrive. This enables the appropriate target material to be employed depending on the selected energy. The easiest form of periodic movement for the target is likely to be a rotational movement. The target can be immersed in a coolant fluid such as water. The linear accelerator can be of the type disclosed in WO2006/097697A1. The target preferably contains at least one exposed area of tungsten and/or at least one exposed area of carbon. These can be present as inhomogeneities in the material of which the target is composed, such as Carbon inserts in a Tungsten substrate (or vice versa), alternating segments of Carbon and Tungsten, Carbon and Tungsten inserts in a substrate of a third material, or arrangements involving other materials in addition to or instead of Carbon and/or Tungsten. Alternatively, the target can be of a homogenous material but have inhomogeneities in its thickness to cater for the different electron energies. The same concept can be applied to the filter. A detector can be provided, operating in synchrony with the energy variation. Such an x-ray apparatus can form a part of a radiotherapy apparatus, in which case the first selected energy can be a diagnostic energy and a second selected energy a therapeutic energy.

Abstract translation: X射线装置包括线性加速器，其适于以至少两个可选择的能量之一产生电子束，并被控制以周期性地改变所选择的能量，以及射束从而产生射束 的x辐射，目标是不均匀的并且被驱动以与所选择的能量的变化同步地周期性地移动。 以这种方式，当不同的脉冲到达时，目标可以移动，使得不同的部分暴露于电子束。 这使得能够根据所选择的能量使用适当的目标材料。 目标的最简单的周期性运动形式可能是旋转运动。 目标可以浸入冷却液如水中。 线性加速器可以是WO2006 / 097697A1中公开的类型。 目标优选地包含钨的至少一个暴露区域和/或至少一个暴露的碳区域。 这些可以作为靶材组成的材料中的不均匀性，例如在钨基底（或反之亦然）中的碳插入物），碳和钨的交替段，碳和钨插入物在第三材料的衬底中，或 除碳或/或钨之外还有其他材料的安排。 或者，靶可以是均质材料，但是其厚度具有不均匀性以适应不同的电子能量。 相同的概念可以应用于过滤器。 可以提供与能量变化同步操作的检测器。 这种X射线设备可以形成放射治疗设备的一部分，在这种情况下，第一选择的能量可以是诊断能量，而第二选择的能量可以是治疗能量。

公开(公告)号：US07724876B2

公开(公告)日：2010-05-25

申请号：US11913975

申请日：2006-05-11

Applicant: Hiroyuki Nose ,  Daisuke Ishida ,  Namio Kaneko ,  Hisaharu Sakae ,  Mitsuru Uesaka ,  Katsuhiro Dobashi

Inventor： Hiroyuki Nose ,  Daisuke Ishida ,  Namio Kaneko ,  Hisaharu Sakae ,  Mitsuru Uesaka ,  Katsuhiro Dobashi

IPC: H01J35/00

CPC classification number: H05G2/00 ,  G21K5/00 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J35/28 ,  H01J2235/08

Abstract: A multi-color X-ray generator includes an electron beam generator 10 which accelerates an electron beam to generate a pulse electron beam 1 and which transmits the beam along a predetermined rectilinear orbit 2, a composite laser generator 20 which successively generates a plurality of pulse laser lights 3a, 3b having different wavelengths, and a laser light introduction device 30 which introduces the pulse laser lights along the rectilinear orbit 2 to be opposed to the pulse electron beam 1, so that the plurality of pulse laser lights 3a, 3b successively head-on collide with the pulse electron beam 1 along the rectilinear orbit 2 so as to generate two or more types of monochromatic hard X-rays 4 (4a, 4b).

Abstract translation: 多色X射线发生器包括电子束发生器10，其加速电子束以产生脉冲电子束1并沿预定的直线轨道2传输光束;复合激光发生器20，其连续产生多个脉冲 具有不同波长的激光3a，3b以及与脉冲电子束1相对的沿着直线轨道2引入脉冲激光的激光导入装置30，使得多个脉冲激光3a，3b依次头 - 沿着直线轨道2与脉冲电子束1碰撞，以产生两种或更多种类型的单色硬X射线4（4a，4b）。

公开(公告)号：US20090173881A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-09

申请号：US11970255

申请日：2008-01-07

Applicant: John L. Adamski

Inventor： John L. Adamski

IPC: H01J47/00

CPC classification number: H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/08

Abstract: A method and apparatus, such as a spectrometer, are provided for facilitating the detection of an x-ray signal in a manner that effectively discriminates the x-ray signal from noise. A spectrometer may be provided which includes an x-ray converter for converting x-ray signals which impinge thereupon into corresponding pairs of electrons and positrons. The spectrometer also includes a deflector for separately deflecting the electrons and the positrons as well as electron and positron detectors for separately detecting the deflected electrons and positrons, respectively. As such, an x-ray signal can be identified in instances in which the deflected electrons and positrons are detected in coincidence.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种方法和装置，例如光谱仪，用于有助于以有效地区分X射线信号与噪声的方式检测X射线信号。 可以提供一种光谱仪，其包括用于将X射线信号转换成相应的电子和正电子对的x射线转换器。 光谱仪还包括用于分别偏转电子和正电子的偏转器以及用于分别检测偏转的电子和正电子的电子和正电子检测器。 因此，可以在重合检测偏转的电子和正电子的情况下识别x射线信号。

公开(公告)号：US07505563B2

公开(公告)日：2009-03-17

申请号：US12033035

申请日：2008-02-19

Applicant: Edward James Morton ,  Russell David Luggar ,  Paul De Antonis

Inventor： Edward James Morton ,  Russell David Luggar ,  Paul De Antonis

IPC: H01J35/08

CPC classification number: H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/068 ,  H01J2235/08

Abstract: An anode for an X-ray source is formed in two parts, a main part and a collimating part. The main part has the target region formed on it. The two parts between them define an electron aperture through which electrons pass to reach the target region, and an X-ray aperture through which the X-rays produced at the target leave the anode. The anode produces at least the first stage of collimation of the X-ray beam produced.

Abstract translation: 用于X射线源的阳极形成为主要部分和准直部分两部分。 主要部分是在其上形成目标区域。 它们之间的两个部分限定了电子通过的电子孔，以达到目标区域，并且在靶处产生的X射线的X射线孔离开阳极。 阳极至少产生所产生的X射线束的准直的第一阶段。

公开(公告)号：US20080095319A1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-24

申请号：US11681828

申请日：2007-03-05

Applicant: Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

Inventor： Lee Grodzins ,  Hal Grodzins

IPC: G21K5/02

CPC classification number: G21K1/06 ,  G01N2223/316 ,  G21K2201/062 ,  H01J2235/08

Abstract: A method for obtaining a concentrated, monochromatic x-ray beam from a standard x-ray tube or other source of polychromatic emission. X-rays from the anode of the x-ray tube fluoresce an adjoining, independent target that produces a monochromatic spectrum, a portion of which is focused by the x-ray optical system. This two-stage method gives the system considerably versatility without undue loss in signal. The two-stage concentrator makes practical the use of focusing optics in hand-held and portable instruments.

Abstract translation: 用于从标准X射线管或其他多色发射源获得浓缩的单色X射线束的方法。 来自X射线管的阳极的X射线发出相邻的独立目标，产生单色光谱，其一部分由x射线光学系统聚焦。 这种两阶段的方法使得系统具有很大的通用性，而不会在信号中造成不必要的损失。 两级聚光器使手持和便携式仪器中的聚焦光学器件成为可能。

公开(公告)号：US20070069125A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-29

申请号：US11237041

申请日：2005-09-27

Applicant: Bruno Schueler ,  David Reed

Inventor： Bruno Schueler ,  David Reed

IPC: H01J40/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/2273 ,  G01N2223/085 ,  G01N2223/6116 ,  H01J2235/08

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a substrate processing system is provided. The system may include a chamber wall enclosing a chamber, a substrate support positioned within the chamber to support a substrate, an electromagnetic radiation source to emit electromagnetic radiation onto the substrate on the substrate support, the electromagnetic radiation causing photoelectrons to be emitted from a material on the substrate, an analyzer to capture the photoelectrons emitted from the substrate, and a magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field within the chamber and guide the photoelectrons from the substrate to the analyzer.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种基板处理系统。 该系统可以包括封闭室的室壁，位于腔室内以支撑衬底的衬底支撑件，用于向衬底支撑件上的衬底上发射电磁辐射的电磁辐射源，引起光电子从材料发射的电磁辐射 在基板上，分析器捕获从基板发射的光电子，以及磁场发生器，以在室内产生磁场，并将光电子从基板引导到分析器。

公开(公告)号：US20060249685A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-09

申请号：US11407332

申请日：2006-04-20

Applicant: Hirofumi Tanaka

Inventor： Hirofumi Tanaka

IPC: G01K1/08

CPC classification number: H05H11/00 ,  H01J2235/08 ,  H05G2/00 ,  H05H6/00

Abstract: A compact and low-cost electromagnetic wave generator in which X-rays having high intensity can be generated and the energy of generated X-rays can rapidly be switched. In an electromagnetic wave generator including a circular accelerator, a deflection electromagnet incorporated in the circular accelerator focuses injected and accelerated electrons, The circular accelerator produces stable electron closed orbits in a region with a predetermined width in the radial direction of the accelerator that are stable during injection and acceleration of electron. A target is arranged across the stable electron closed orbits and a collision region, where a circulating electron beam collides with the target and a non-collision region where a circulating electron beam does not collide with the target produced. Through control of respective patterns of changes with time in the deflection magnetic field, a given electron closed orbit is shifted between the collision and the non-collision regions, thereby generating X-rays.

Abstract translation: 一种紧凑且低成本的电磁波发生器，其中可以产生具有高强度的X射线，并且可以快速切换所产生的X射线的能量。 在包括圆形加速器的电磁波发生器中，结合在圆形加速器中的偏转电磁体聚焦注入和加速的电子。循环加速器在加速器的径向方向上的预定宽度的区域中产生稳定的电子闭合轨道， 注入和加速电子。 目标被布置在稳定的电子闭合轨道和碰撞区域之间，其中循环电子束与目标物碰撞，并且循环电子束不与所产生的目标物碰撞的非碰撞区域。 通过控制偏转磁场中随时间变化的各种图形，给定的电子闭合轨道在碰撞区域和非碰撞区域之间移动，从而产生X射线。

公开(公告)号：WO2010141735A3

公开(公告)日：2013-01-24

申请号：PCT/US2010037277

申请日：2010-06-03

Applicant: NEXTRAY INC ,  CONNOR DEAN ,  ZHONG ZHONG ,  PARHAM CHRISTOPHER ,  PISANO ETTA

Inventor： CONNOR DEAN ,  ZHONG ZHONG ,  PARHAM CHRISTOPHER ,  PISANO ETTA

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  G21K1/06

CPC classification number: A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/4208 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/483 ,  A61B6/502 ,  A61B6/542 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G21K2201/062 ,  G21K2207/005 ,  H01J2235/068 ,  H01J2235/08

Abstract: Strain matching of crystals and horizontally-spaced monochromator and analyzer crystal arrays in diffraction enhanced imaging systems and related methods are disclosed. A DEI system, including strain matched crystals can comprise an X-ray source configured to generate a first X-ray beam. A first monochromator crystal can be positioned to intercept the first X-ray beam for producing a second X-ray beam. A second monochromator crystal can be positioned to intercept the second X-ray beam to produce a third X-ray beam for transmission through an object. The second monochromator crystal has a thickness selected such that a mechanical strain on a side of the first monochromator crystal is the same as a mechanical strain on the second monochromator crystal. An analyzer crystal has a thickness selected such that a mechanical strain on a side of the first monochromator crystal is the same as a mechanical strain on the analyzer crystal.

Abstract translation: 公开了晶体和水平间隔单色仪和分析器晶体阵列在衍射增强成像系统中的应变匹配和相关方法。 包括应变匹配晶体的DEI系统可以包括被配置为产生第一X射线束的X射线源。 可以将第一单色器晶体定位成截取第一X射线束以产生第二X射线束。 第二单色器晶体可被定位成截取第二X射线束以产生用于透过物体的第三X射线束。 第二单色器晶体具有选择的厚度，使得第一单色仪晶体侧的机械应变与第二单色器晶体上的机械应变相同。 分析器晶体的厚度被选择为使得第一单色仪晶体侧的机械应变与分析器晶体上的机械应变相同。

公开(公告)号：WO2010019228A3

公开(公告)日：2010-05-20

申请号：PCT/US2009004609

申请日：2009-08-12

Applicant: VARIAN MED SYS INC ,  CHEN GONGYIN ,  TURNER JOHN ,  EATON DOUGLAS W

Inventor： CHEN GONGYIN ,  TURNER JOHN ,  EATON DOUGLAS W

IPC: H05H7/02 ,  H05H7/04 ,  H05H7/22 ,  H05H9/00

CPC classification number: H05H7/02 ,  H01J2235/08 ,  H05H9/00 ,  H05H9/048 ,  H05H2007/022 ,  H05H2007/025

Abstract: Multi-energy radiation sources comprising charged particle accelerators driven by power generators providing different RF powers to the accelerator, capable of interlaced operation, are disclosed. Automatic frequency control techniques are provided to match the frequency of RF power provided to the accelerator with the accelerator resonance frequency. In one example where the power generator is a mechanically tunable magnetron, an automatic frequency controller is provided to match the frequency of RF power pulses at one power to the accelerator resonance frequency when those RF power pulses are provided, and the magnetron is operated such that frequency shift in the magnetron at the other power at least partially matches the resonance frequency shift in the accelerator when those RF power pulses are provided. In other examples, when the power generator is a klystron or electrically tunable magnetron, separate automatic frequency controllers are provided for each RF power pulse. Methods and systems are disclosed.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种多能量辐射源，其包括由提供与加速器不同的RF功率的发电机驱动的带电粒子加速器，能够进行隔行扫描操作。 提供自动频率控制技术以将提供给加速器的RF功率的频率与加速器谐振频率相匹配。 在发电机是可机械调谐的磁控管的一个示例中，提供自动频率控制器以在提供这些RF功率脉冲时将一个功率的RF功率脉冲的频率与加速器谐振频率相匹配，并且磁控管被操作使得 当提供这些RF功率脉冲时，磁控管中另一个功率的频移至少部分地匹配加速器中的谐振频率偏移。 在其他示例中，当发电机是速调管或电可调谐磁控管时，为每个RF功率脉冲提供单独的自动频率控制器。 公开了方法和系统。