Abstract:
A method of controlling NO x emissions in an internal combustion engine is proposed, wherein the engine comprises an exhaust system with oxidation - promoting catalyst means (22) having a NO oxidation efficiency, and wherein the engine is normally operated on a map of normal EGR rates. The engine is operable in a NO 2 -promoting mode that comprises the steps of: determining whether operating the engine under a modified EGR rate would lead to an increased generation of NO 2 , said determination taking into account the variability of the NO oxidation efficiency with the oxidation temperature and the exhaust flow rate; and using the modified EGR rate for engine control in case it leads to an increased NO 2 generation.
Abstract:
A system for pressurised fluid flow comprises a drilled element 100 with a primary bore 110 and a secondary bore 120 with an intersection 130 between them. The drilled element 100 is loaded by at least one loading element which provides a loading force at an end of the primary bore 110. A stress relief layer 140 is provided at a first face of the drilled element 100 and the loading force is provided through it to the drilled element 100. The stress relief layer 140 extends underneath the intersection 130, and the intersection 130 is sufficiently close to the first face of the drilled element 100 that, in use, the loading force provides compressive stress in the drilled element 100 at the intersection 130.
Abstract:
A reagent dosing system (10) for an internal combustion engine having an exhaust pipe (20) and a pump are disclosed. The reagent dosing system (10) comprises a first pump (26) having input means (30) for receiving reagent from a reagent supply (22) and output means (32) for delivering the reagent to a supply line (28), and a fluid dosing device (12) downstream of the first pump (26), comprising a nozzle (16) and a second pump (14) for receiving the reagent from the supply line (28) and for delivering the reagent to the nozzle (16), the second pump (14) being operable to increase the pressure of the reagent in the nozzle (16) to an injection pressure so as to cause delivery of the reagent through the nozzle (16). The first pump (26) is operable to increase the pressure of reagent in the supply line (28) to a pressure that is less than the injection pressure so as to guard against overheating of the reagent in the supply line (28). A pump (100) according to the invention is arranged such that, when the pump is not operating, an outlet valve means (135) of the pump is held in an open position so as to allow reagent to flow from the inlet means (102) to the outlet means (104) through the pumping arrangement (108, 154).
Abstract:
An exhaust system (16) for a compression-ignition engine (10) includes an exhaust gas after-treatment assembly, the after-treatment assembly comprising a catalyst device and an SCR device (34). The catalyst device comprises a three-way catalyst device (30) arranged upstream the SCR device (34) in close-coupled position with respect to the engine (12). The three-way catalyst reaches its operating temperature quickly due to its close coupled position and can therefore provide good NO x conversion during acceleration phases occurring shortly after a cold start when the engine is switched to an operation at λ=1.
Abstract:
A fluid accumulator arrangement suitable for use with a compression ignition internal- combustion engine comprising a first storage volume, a second storage volume, and valve means fluidly connected between the first storage volume and the second storage volume. In one embodiment, the valve means is a three-way control valve wherein, in a first position, the first storage volume communicates with the second storage volume, in a second position the first storage volume is isolated from the second storage volume and, in a third position, one of the first or second storage volumes communicates with a low pressure drain. The arrangement may also include control means to operate the valve means in accordance with predetermined control strategies.
Abstract:
An injection nozzle for injecting a fluid, the injection nozzle comprising: a nozzle body and a nozzle hole defining a flow passage for fluid, the flow passage comprising passage walls and the nozzle hole having an inlet in fluid communication via the flow passage with an outlet, wherein, for at least one section through the inlet and outlet along the flow passage the nozzle hole is defined, for all distances x within a substantial length of the flow passage, by the condition: † S † x > 45 microns / millimetre , where S = passage wall separation and x is the distance from the inlet.
Abstract:
A valve member suitable for use in a fuel injector in an internal combustion engine, the valve member having an end face including an outer edge region defining an annular seating line for engaging a seating surface, in use, the outer edge region enclosing a generally spheroidal recessed inner region.
Abstract:
A fuel injector (100; 200; 300) for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The injector includes a slave piston (130; 230; 330) provided with a control bore (144; 244; 344) and associated with a valve needle (110; 210; 310), such that movement of the slave piston causes movement of the valve needle. An end of the slave piston remote from the valve needle is exposed to fuel pressure in a control chamber (152; 252; 352) of the injector, in use. A control piston (148; 348) is operable to move relative to the slave piston so as to control fuel flow through first and second control ports that connect the control bore to a high-pressure fuel supply and a low-pressure drain respectively. By suitable positioning of the control piston, the valve needle can be biased in an opening direction and in a closing direction and, optionally, the valve needle can be held in one or more intermediate positions between its fully-lifted and fully-seated positions. Proportional control of the position and velocity of the valve needle is possible, and a low-force actuator can be used to control the valve needle.