Abstract:
The invention provides an optical modulator module (15) by which a dip appearing in a frequency characteristic of a microwave from a DC component to a high-frequency component due to parasitic substrate modes can be reduced while maintaining the mechanical strength and facilitating handling of a substrate (1) and besides securing the long-term reliability without processing the substrate (1) itself. The optical modulator module (15) includes a substrate (1), an optical modulator (16) including an optical waveguide (2), a signal electrode (3), and a ground electrode (4), and a housing (5) in and to which the optical modulator (16) is accommodated and secured. The shape of a longitudinal section of a part of the optical modulator module (15) except for the substrate (1) itself, such as the housing (5) or electrodes, is asymmetrical with respect to a perpendicular line with which the portion of the signal electrode (3) which extends in parallel to the optical waveguide (2) is bisected in the longitudinal direction.
Abstract:
In a conductive film, a display unit is formed such that forms of sub-pixels for two colors different from each other are different, cycles of sub-pixel array patterns of respective colors are different, or a barycenter of a single sub-pixel within a single pixel is at a position different from that of a straight line connecting barycenters of the other sub-pixels. In such a case, a wiring pattern is formed such that an indicator of evaluation of moirés is equal to or less than a predetermined value. In frequencies and intensities of moirés of the respective colors calculated from peak frequencies and peak intensities of respective two-dimensional Fourier spectra of transmittance image data and luminance image data of the sub-pixel array patterns of the respective colors, the indicator of evaluation is calculated from evaluation values of moirés obtained by applying human visual response characteristics in accordance with an observation distance to intensities of moirés at frequencies of moirés equal to or less than the maximum frequency of the moirés prescribed on the basis of a display resolution of the display unit.
Abstract:
A Mach Zehnder (MZ) modulator (1) comprising a splitter (4) for splitting incident light in one wave guide (3) into two modulator arms (5,6) of the MZ and comprising a combiner (7) that combines light from the two arms {5,6) into an output mode, where electrodes (9,10) are present in connection with said arms (5,6) for changing the refractive index in said arms in order to modulate incident light so that the light is amplified or so that an extinction, due to interference between the light in the two arms, takes place. The invention is characterised in, that the splitter (4) is arranged to split incident light equally into the two arms (5,6) and in that a part (11) of one of the arms (5) between said electrode (9) and said combiner (7) is designed to cause an intentional loss of light in the wave guide (3), whereby a desired asymmetry in transmission of the two arms (5,6) occurs.
Abstract:
A display device having a gate line on a first substrate, a gate insulating layer covering the gate line, a semiconductor layer on the gate insulating layer, a data line intersecting the gate line and including a source electrode and a drain electrode facing the source electrode on the semiconductor layer, a connection assistant separated from the data line, a passivation layer covering the data line and including contact holes exposing the connection assistant and a pixel electrode, including a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes, and formed on the passivation layer. The sub-pixel electrodes are electrically connected to each other through the connection assistant and at least one of the sub-pixel electrodes is electrically connected to the drain electrode. The connection assistant is connected to facing edges of adjacent sub-pixel electrodes and is disposed at about ¼ the distance from the end of the left or the right side of the sub-pixel electrode.
Abstract:
A main optical path (210) disposed between light input (201) and output ends (202) and an auxiliary optical path (220) disposed so as to correspond to the main optical path are optically coupled to each other with first, second, and third optical couplers (241,242,243). The respective optical path lengths of main and auxiliary optical paths differ from each other between the first and second optical couplers (241,242) and between the second and third optical couplers (242,243). Between the first and second optical couplers and between the second and third optical couplers, at least one of the main and auxiliary optical paths is provided with temperature adjusting means (231,232) for adjusting the temperature of the corresponding optical path.
Abstract:
To provide a liquid crystal display device capable of controlling deterioration of contrast even in the case where an opening is formed in an organic flattened film and the film has unevenness. In the liquid crystal display device that includes a TFT substrate, a CF substrate, and liquid crystal sandwiched between the TFT substrate and the CF substrate and that drives the liquid crystal with a lateral electric field, the TFT substrate has the organic flattened film in which a through hole for contacting a source electrode of the TFT and a pixel electrode and a sectional shape of the through hole is asymmetrical between a side on which the pixel electrode extends and the other side.
Abstract:
A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer on a surface thereof, and a first current modulating layer, the first electrically conductive layer having a sheet resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first electrically conductive layer that varies as a function of position.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an apparatus for generation of electromagnetic radiation, having a pump light source that emits an excitation radiation at a first wavelength, and having an optical waveguide that generates frequency-converted radiation at a second and a third wavelength, by means of degenerate wave mixing, from the excitation radiation of the pump light source.