Abstract:
A Mach Zehnder (MZ) modulator (1) comprising a splitter (4) for splitting incident light in one wave guide (3) into two modulator arms (5,6) of the MZ and comprising a combiner (7) that combines light from the two arms {5,6) into an output mode, where electrodes (9,10) are present in connection with said arms (5,6) for changing the refractive index in said arms in order to modulate incident light so that the light is amplified or so that an extinction, due to interference between the light in the two arms, takes place. The invention is characterised in, that the splitter (4) is arranged to split incident light equally into the two arms (5,6) and in that a part (11) of one of the arms (5) between said electrode (9) and said combiner (7) is designed to cause an intentional loss of light in the wave guide (3), whereby a desired asymmetry in transmission of the two arms (5,6) occurs.
Abstract:
An optical light splitter that comprises or is connected to at least two input waveguides (4; 6, 7; 18, 19; 32,33) for light. The invention is characterised in that the light splitter (1, 2, 30, 40), on the side opposite to the input waveguide or input waveguides (4; 6, 7; 18, 19; 32, 33; 41, 42) transitions into at most one output waveguide (8, 10, 20, 34) in the direction of propagation of the incoming light, in that a surface (14, 25, 31, 45) is present set at an angle to the direction of propagation of the light in that part of the light splitter that is opposite to the input waveguide or input waveguides, and in that the said surface is present where the light splitter has an image from incoming light, and in that internal corners are not present in the said part.
Abstract:
A phase modulator (1) waveguide for laser light which is monolithically integrated with a laser (2) for producing said light, and where the laser (2) has a waveguide (4) that is oriented to emit light in a crystal direction where the linear electro-optical effect (LEO) used to change the sign of the refractive index for TE-polarized light in a modulator (1) waveguide competes with one or more other physical effects that is used to change the sign of the refractive index in the modulator (1), such as the Kerr or quadratic electro- optic effect. The invention is characterised in, that said monolithically integrated modulator (1) waveguide (5, 6; 10, 11; 13, 14;20, 21) is oriented in a direction that is not colinear with the direction in which the laser waveguide (4) is oriented.
Abstract:
The invention is characterised in, that in a first step a number of similar electronic devices (A-E) are placed on a wafer (1) in a manner such that the space occupied by one device (A-E) at least partly penetrates the area nominally reserved for an adjacent device (A-E), in that in second step all devices (A-E) are tested by an electrical and/ or optical test method, known per se, to determine the performance properties of each device and that in a third step devices (A-E) are separated from the wafer (1) in such a manner that devices that conform to performance specifications remain whole after separation, while devices that do not conform to performance specifications will no longer be intact.
Abstract:
Method for controlling the operation point of a semiconductor Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM) (2), the MZM (2) comprising an input waveguide (2a) which is divided into two intermediate waveguides (2b, 2c) and then joined together in an output waveguide (2d,2e), in which method the input power from a laser (1) into the MZM (2) is stabilised and the operation point of the MZM (2) is then controlled given the stabilised input from the laser (1). The invention is charachterised in that the laser (1) and the MZM (2) are caused to be monolithically integrated or hybrid integrated, in that the photocurrent in at least one of said input- and/or intermediate waveguides (2a, 2b, 2c) of the MZM (2) is measured and in that the measured value is fed to a control circuit (4), which control circuit (4) is caused to stabilize the input light power fed into the MZM (2) based upon the measured photocurrent value. The invention also relates to an integrated transmitter.
Abstract:
Transition part (1) between two optical waveguides (2,3) with different index contrast. The invention is characterised in that the transition part (1) comprises a non-adiabatically up-tapered longitudinal section (8), and in that the transition (7) between the two waveguides (2,3) is arranged after the up-tapered longitudinal section (8) as seen along the main direction (L) of propagation of the light. The invention also relates to a method.
Abstract:
An optical light splitter that comprises or is connected to at least two input waveguides (4; 6, 7; 18, 19; 32,33) for light. The invention is characterised in that the light splitter (1, 2, 30, 40), on the side opposite to the input waveguide or input waveguides (4; 6, 7; 18, 19; 32, 33; 41, 42) transitions into at most one output waveguide (8, 10, 20, 34) in the direction of propagation of the incoming light, in that a surface (14, 25, 31, 45) is present set at an angle to the direction of propagation of the light in that part of the light splitter that is opposite to the input waveguide or input waveguides, and in that the said surface is present where the light splitter has an image from incoming light, and in that internal corners are not present in the said part.
Abstract:
A Mach Zehnder (MZ) modulator (1) comprising a splitter (4) for splitting incident light in one wave guide (3) into two modulator arms (5,6) of the MZ and comprising a combiner (7) that combines light from the two arms {5,6) into an output mode, where electrodes (9,10) are present in connection with said arms (5,6) for changing the refractive index in said arms in order to modulate incident light so that the light is amplified or so that an extinction, due to interference between the light in the two arms, takes place. The invention is characterised in, that the splitter (4) is arranged to split incident light equally into the two arms (5,6) and in that a part (11) of one of the arms (5) between said electrode (9) and said combiner (7) is designed to cause an intentional loss of light in the wave guide (3), whereby a desired asymmetry in transmission of the two arms (5,6) occurs.
Abstract:
A Mach Zehnder (MZ) modulator (1) comprising a splitter (4) for splitting incident light in one wave guide (3) into two modulator arms (5,6) of the MZ and comprising a combiner (7) that combines light from the two arms {5,6) into an output mode, where electrodes (9,10) are present in connection with said arms (5,6) for changing the refractive index in said arms in order to modulate incident light so that the light is amplified or so that an extinction, due to interference between the light in the two arms, takes place. The invention is characterised in, that the splitter (4) is arranged to split incident light equally into the two arms (5,6) and in that a part (11) of one of the arms (5) between said electrode (9) and said combiner (7) is designed to cause an intentional loss of light in the wave guide (3), whereby a desired asymmetry in transmission of the two arms (5,6) occurs.
Abstract:
Transition part (1) between two optical waveguides (2,3) with different index contrast. The invention is characterised in that the transition part (1) comprises a non-adiabatically up-tapered longitudinal section (8), and in that the transition (7) between the two waveguides (2,3) is arranged after the up-tapered longitudinal section (8) as seen along the main direction (L) of propagation of the light. The invention also relates to a method.