Abstract:
In order to improve the accuracy of borehole survey systems utilizing probes (18) with inertial components including inclinometers (32, 34, 36), two ring laser gyro units (42, 44) are included to provide rotation information to the system. When the probe (18) is moving in a borehole (12), inclinometer information is used to produce a synthetic rotation signal to take the place of a third gyro and the earth's rotation is used for a similar purpose in combination with signals from the two ring laser gyros (42, 44) when the probe (18) is stopped. Wire line velocity is used in combination with the inclinometer and gyro information to provide signals representing the probe velocity and position. Coordinate transformations are provided in the probe to transform the inertial signals and wire line velocity signals into earth reference coordinate system. Kalman filtering incorporates noninertial velocity data to reduce the effect of errors inherent in the generation of various input signals to the system.
Abstract:
A constraining system for an accelerometer of the type that comprises flexures (66, 68) or the like for mounting a proof mass (64, 124, 150) to a support (62, 122, 164) for translational motion along a sensing axis (SA) and rotational motion about a hinge axis (HA) perpendicular to the sensing axis. The system provides constraining rods (90, 92, 130, 132, 160, 162, 170) for constraining rotational motion of the proof mass about a pendulous axis (PA), the pendulous axis being normal to the sensing and hinge axes. The constraining rods may also limit proof mass translation along the hinge axis.
Abstract:
A vibrating crystal transducer (10) for measuring temperature is disclosed. The crystal includes a single elongated vibrating beam (14) that has a torsional mode resonant frequency that is a function of the temperature of the crystal. The torsional moments of the crystal are reverse symmetric with respect to a nodal line on the beam (14). The beam (14) is contained in a frame (16) that is secured to a sensor frame member (12). The beam (14) is attached to the frame (16) by a pair of opposed mounting posts (18) that are in line with the nodal line on the beam (14). The beam (14), the beam frame (16) and the mounting posts (18) are formed out of an integral section of crystalline material. When the beam (14) is vibrated, the reverse symmetrically opposed torsional moments along the beam (14) cancel each other out and, consequently, no torsional energy is transmitted through the mounting posts (18) to the beam frame (16) or the sensor frame (12). Since the beam frame (16) does not serve as a recipient for the torsional energy, torsional energy is not lost through the beam frame (16) so that the beam (14) has a relatively high quality factor and torsional vibration of the beam cannot cause the crystal to eventually work loose of the sensor frame (12) at the beam frame (16).
Abstract:
A hermetically sealed bias magnet assembly (30) for use in a magneto-optic drive system for recording data onto a magneto-optic disc (16) utilizes a permanent magnet (34) that is rotatably mounted in a hermetically sealed chamber (52) of a housing that has a second chamber (58) containing a drive coil (32) that rotates the magnet to thereby change the polarity of the magnet field applied to the disc. Hermetic sealing of the magnet permits a small magnet and small bearings to be used to provide the low rotational mass required for rapid operation and avoids the performance degradation that often occurs when small components are exposed to a hostile environment.
Abstract:
In the signal acquisition system disclosed herein, frequency, phase and time uncertainties are resolved essentially simultaneously by including a preselected code group in the transmitted signal and by applying the received signal to a differential detector (25) and then to a passive differential matched filter (31), the parameters of which are selected in correspondence with a code group, thereby to generate a corresponding series of complex match values. The absolute magnitude of the complex sum of the match values is maximized when the received signal is modulated by the preselected code group. When the presence of the code group in the received signal is detected, the phasing of the complex sum is detected thereby to determine carrier frequency offset. A directly detected version of the received signal is applied to a corresponding masking filter (55A, 59A, 61, 55B, 59B) and the phase of a resultant sum signal is detected to determine carrier phase offset.
Abstract:
An improved preload system for an accelerometer (10, 110, 210) in which an acceleration sensitive structure (14, 114, 214) is clamped between first (12, 112, 212) and second (16, 116, 216) clamping members. The acceleration sensitive structure includes a paddle (42, 142, 242) supported such that the paddle has a degree of freedom along a sensing axis (SA). The accelerometer further includes a case (20, 120, 220) within which the acceleration sensitive structure and clamping members are mounted. The preload system comprises an internal mounting surface (36, 136, 236) in the case that faces in a first direction along the sensing axis, and that contacts the second clamping member and prevents it from moving in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The preload system also includes a spring (20, 80, 82, 128, 228) extending between the first clamping member and the case, such that the spring exerts a force on the first clamping member in the second direction. A positioning ring (26, 126, 226) may also be provided between the first clamping member and the spring, to laterally locate the first clamping member within the case.
Abstract:
A wind shear detection system (10) provides an alert to the pilot of an aircraft upon the occurrence of a sustained low-level increasing performance shear if the shear occurs for a sufficiently long period of time, even if the shear is of a relatively low magnitude. An integrator (22, 24, 26, 28, 30) is provided to integrate signals representative of low-level increasing performance shears and to provide the alert if the accumulated energy caused by the shear exceeds a predetermined level (12, 18, 20). The integrated low-level shear signal may be combined with currently occurring shear signals (16) and the alert generated if the combination of current increasing performance shear signals and the integrated shear signal exceeds a predetermined level.
Abstract:
An improved accelerometer of the type that includes a proof mass (34, 24, 164, 170) suspended from a support (32, 172) by one or more flexures (36, 174), such that the proof mass can pivot with respect to the support about a hinge axis (HA). The proof mass includes a paddle (34, 164) attached to the flexures, the paddle having first (166) and second (168) paddle surfaces. The coil (170) is mounted on the first paddle surface, and the accelerometer includes a stator (42, 162) for mounting the support and for forming a magnetic circuit with the coil. The improvement comprises positioning the flexures such that a plane containing the hinge axis and the center of mass (180) of the proof mass is parallel to one of the paddle surfaces, and is closer to one paddle surface than to the other paddle surface. In a preferred arrangement, the plane containing the hinge axis and the center of mass is approximately coplanar with one of the paddle surfaces and with the flexures.
Abstract:
A wind shear detection system (30) compares airspeed (40) with a composite signal derived from signals representative of longitudinal acceleration (32), normal acceleration (34), angle of attack (36) and flight path angle to generate a shear signal. An enhanced version of the system is also compensated for roll angle (70), radio altitude (64) and flap position. In a modified system, the accelerations are calculated along the velocity vector of the aircraft rather than along the horizontal axis to compensate for inaccuracies that could occur under extreme flight conditions such as high bank angle turns and dynamic manoeuvre.
Abstract:
An accelerometer comprising a support (52) and a proof mass (40) mounted to the support by a flexure (50) or the like, such that the proof mass can rotate about a hinge axis (HA) perpendicular to sensitive axis (SA). An isolator (42) is also mounted to the support by an isolator suspension system (60, 62) that is relatively compliant for isolator movement parallel to a transducer axis (TA) normal to the hinge axis, and relatively noncompliant for isolator rotation about the hinge axis. Force transducers (80, 82) are connected between the isolator and the proof mass. The force transducers are parallel to the transducer axis, and positioned on opposite sides of the hinge axis from one another, such that rotation of the proof mass about the hinge axis puts one force transducer in tension and the other force transducer in compression. The isolator suspension system reduces the magnitude of common mode inputs, such as those caused by differential thermal expansion of the crystals with respect to other accelerometer components.