Abstract:
Disclosed are methods for making large area antiscatter grids consisting of focussed and unfocussed holes in sheets of metal. The grid consists of thin metal walls (30) surrounding hollow openings (31). The projections of all walls converge to a focal spot in the focussed grid, and are parallel in an unfocussed grid. A grid having a large area is made by interlocking together smaller grid pieces. A tall device is made by stacking layers of focussed grids. The openings of the grid can be filled with phosphor or other scintillating material (33) to make an integrated grid/scintillator structure.
Abstract:
A projection exposure apparatus consists of: an illumination optical system, including a light source (1), for irradiating a mask (27); a projection optical system (29) for projecting a hyperfine pattern image on a substrate (31); an optical integrator (7) for illuminating the mask in a homogeneous illuminance distribution; and a luminous flux distributing member (12) for distributing the luminous fluxes from the integrator into two luminous fluxes (L4,L5) in two different directions for focusing intensity distributions over the Fourier transform surface or the surface in the vicinity thereof on two portions part from the optical axis of the illumination optical system. An exposure method of exposing the mask patterns (28) onto an exposed member (30) comprises: a step of starting the exposure when setting a movable optical member in a first position; a step of switching the movable optical member from the first position to a second position; a step of shielding the illumination light during the switching process; and a step of finishing the irradiation of the mask with the luminous fluxes when an exposure quantity reaches a preset value.
Abstract:
A projection exposure apparatus consists of: an illumination optical system, including a light source, for irradiating a mask; a projection optical system for projecting a hyperfine pattern image on a substrate; an optical integrator for illuminating the mask in a homogeneous illuminance distribution; and a luminous flux distributing member for distributing the luminous fluxes from the integrator into two luminous fluxes in two different directions for focusing intensity distributions over the Fourier transform surface or the surface in the vicinity thereof on two portions part from the optical axis of the illumination optical system. An exposure method of exposing the mask patterns onto an exposed member comprises: a step of starting the exposure when setting a movable optical member in a first position; a step of switching the movable optical member from the first position to a second position; a step of shielding the illumination light during the switching process; and a step of finishing the irradiation of the mask with the luminous fluxes when an exposure quantity reaches a preset value.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a processing method which comprises the steps of subjecting in a modifying gas atmosphere the surface of a substrate (60) to selective irradiation with light that has an energy greater than a binding energy of a compound constituting said surface of the substrate and is capable of reducing said compound, to form on said surface of the substrate a surface-modified layer having a pattern structure constituted of a reduced product; and etching the surface-unmodified layer using said surface-modified layer as a protective film. Furthermore, the present invention provides a processing apparatus which comprises a surface photo-processing zone comprising a first reaction vessel (606), a light guiding means (610) and an evacuating means (603b); and an etching zone comprising a second reaction vessel (613), a reactive gas feeding means (605c) and an energy supplying means (614).
Abstract:
There is provided method for controlling radiation emitting from one or more tubular lamps in an exposure apparatus for exposing a photosensitive element to the radiation. The method involves adjusting an adjustable ballast connected to the one or more lamps thereby adjusting the power received by the one or more lamps, wherein adjusting the ballast of the one or more lamps is based on the actual temperature and radiation of the one or more lamps.
Abstract:
A synthetic paper is manufactured with a method comprising the steps of: a) providing at least two types of photo-polymerizable monomers, b) exposing the volume to a three-dimensional light pattern to induce a polymerization reaction, and c) removing uncured monomer to create an open microstructure. The volume comprises at least one monomer comprising at least two thiol groups and at least one monomer comprising at least two carbon-carbon double bonds, where the ratio (r 1 ) between the number of thiol groups and the number of carbon-carbon double bonds fulfils one of: 0.5 ≤ r1 ≤ 0.9 and 1.1 ≤ r1 ≤ 2. One advantage is that off stoichiometry creates an edge effect giving better defined boundaries between exposed and unexposed parts in the volume and giving a possibility to create thinner micro pillars. Another advantage is that it is easy to bind molecules to the surface to obtain desired surface properties.
Abstract:
The invention pertains to an exposure apparatus, a method for controlling a photosensitive element to radiation using the exposure apparatus, and a method for exposing a photosensitive element to radiation. The exposure apparatus includes a base assembly having an exposure bed that supports the photosensitive element, and a lamp housing assembly having two or more lamps. The lamp housing assembly includes an adjustable ballast connected to at least one of the lamps to adjust power received by the one lamp, a sensor for measuring irradiance impinging the exposure bed; and a controller that adjusts the adjustable ballast based on comparison of the measured irradiance to the target irradiance, thereby adjusting the irradiance emitting from the lamp to the target irradiance.
Abstract:
A method of tailoring the shape of a plurality of relief printing dots created in a photosensitive printing blank during a platemaking process is provided. The photocurable layer is exposed to actinic radiation using an array of UV LED light assemblies and the use of the array of UV LED light assemblies produces relief printing dots having at least one geometric characteristic selected from the group consisting of a desired planarity of a top surface of the relief printing dots, a desired shoulder angle of the relief printing dots and a desired edge sharpness of the relief printing dots.