Abstract:
PURPOSE: To optically detect a relative position between hologram and a recording medium by making a light beam advance straight so as to be made incident practically at the right angle on a prism and the surface of the hologram recorded beforehand on a first recording medium. CONSTITUTION: The light beam led to the prism 22 and made incident practically at the right angle on the surface of a first substrate 16 provided with the hologram recorded beforehand on the first recording medium is partially reflected on the boundary surface of the hologram and air and a part passed through reaches a second recording medium and a second substrate 30 and is reflected. The two reflected beams interfere with each other and return along an incident path. Then, the interfering beams are resolved by an interference technique or a diffraction technique so as to obtain signals corresponding to a distance between reflection surfaces. Thus, the distance between a hologram surface and the recording medium is optically detected.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To determine the refractive index and thickness of a layer accurately and simultaneously while avoiding measurement error of distance by providing a collimate means, a beam converging means, means for introducing the reflected beam toward a diffraction grating, an array for detecting the reflected and scattered beam, etc. SOLUTION: Light beam from a white light source 11 is collimated through a collimate lens 13 and condensed through a lens 14. The light beam passes through a prism 23 and introduced to the test surface 25 of a substrate 27. A beam splitter 19 introduces the reflected light beam to a diffraction grating 17 where the reflected light beam is scattered. The scattered light beam is focused through a lens onto a light detection array 21 comprising a large number of pixels. The light detection array 21 delivers a signal through an electronic control unit 31 to a computer 33 where the distance, refractive index, thickness of layer, contribution in phase from multilayer structure are calculated from the intensity distribution of light.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: To provide a method capable of recording a total internal reflection hologram with high exposure uniformity over a wide range. CONSTITUTION: An input laser beam 24 is divided into an object beam 15 and a reference beam 16 (a). These beams 15, 16 are advanced to a holographic recoding layer 8, so that the beam 15 is made incident upon one surface of the layer 8 after passing an object mask 11, the beam 16 is totally inter-reflected after passing the layer 8 and made incident upon the other surface of the layer 8 at an incident angle upon the layer 8 and both the beams 15, 16 are superposed to each other in the layer 8 (b). The width of at least one of the beams 15, 16 is expanded or reduced so that the superposed state is held when these beams 15, 16 cross the layer 8 (c). Then the beam 24 is moved so that the beams 15, 16 cross the layer 8 (d).
Abstract:
PURPOSE: To provide an optimum signal which is exactly corresponding to the lateral position of mask on a recording plane by practically moving in parallel a silicon wafer, according to the measured values of two detectors processed by a microprocessor for preparing an arrange signal corresponding to a piezoelectric device. CONSTITUTION: A wafer is quantitatively moved little by little by a piezoelectric device 26 or a stepping motor in a direction practically parallel to a hologram lattice direction within the range smaller than a lattice interval and for achieving resist adjustment in that direction. After the end of a movement, it is read by detectors 22 and 24 and stored in the memory of a microprocessor 28. When two lattices are properly put in order, because of symmetricity, the strength of two dimensions of two detectors becomes equal. Therefore, two read values stored in the microprocessor 28 are substracted, and an arranging position is determined. Thus, the lateral position of mask on the recording plane can be provided exactly.
Abstract:
A device for gripping and holding a substrate comprises at least two clamping parts (15, 17). The first clamping part (15) is arranged a distance apart from the second clamping part (17). First and second clamping parts (15, 17) are movable relative to each other along a longitudinal axis (20) so that they can grip and clamp a substrate (13) at opposite edges. In a preferred embodiment the clamping parts (15, 17) are formed by rollers. At least the rollers (17) are rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the substrate (13) to be gripped in order to allow a rotation of the substrate (13) when it is gripped. The device has the advantage that the substrate, when it is gripped, takes always a centered and well defined position.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for positioning a substrate, e.g. of a glass plate, on a support (11). For the formation of an air cushion the surface of the support is pressurized from below with a gas. The surface has grooves (27) and openings (15) which lie in the grooves (27). At the edge of the support (11) abutments (33), elastic means (39) and sensors (37) are provided. The latter are used for measuring the position of th substrate indirectly by determining the distance between the sensor head and the elastic means (39) which are formed by a leaf spring. The leaf spring (39) in its normal position projects the abutting means by a certain distance so that in the course of the alignment process the substrate pushes the leaf spring backwards.
Abstract:
A method is disclosed for reconstructing an image from a total internal reflection hologram that includes the steps of arranging the hologram in relation to the first face of a coupling body, generating a substantially collimated illumination beam, directing the beam through a second face of the coupling body so that it reconstructs the image recorded in the hologram, recycling at least once the light in the illumination beam that is reflected from the hologram by redirecting it through the second face of the coupling body so that it also reconstructs the image recorded in the hologram, and scanning the illumination and recycled beams across the hologram, for the purpose of increasing the effective reconstruction efficiency of the total internal reflection hologram.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: To provide a method and a device for changing the scale of a pattern printed from total internal reflection hologram. CONSTITUTION: In this method for changing the scale of the pattern printed from the total internal reflection hologram 9 to a photosensitive layer 13, images are reproduced from the total internal reflection hologram 9 by irradiating the total internal reflection hologram 9 with a scanning beam 17 and at least either of the hologram 9 and the photosensitive layer 13 is moved so as to make the moving amount to the photosensitive layer 13 of the hologram 9 be equal to a value for which the change portion of the scale is multiplied to the moving amount of the scanning beam 17, to make the direction of the movement of the hologram 9 to the photosensitive layer 13 be the same as the one of the scanning beam 17 when the change of the scale is magnification and to make the direction of the movement of the hologram 9 to the photosensitive layer 13 be opposite to the one of the scanning beam 17 when the change of the scale is reduction.