Abstract:
Dans un appareil de mesure d'une épaisseur, deux têtes légères de mesure (2, 3) sont montées par des paliers pneumatiques dans des logements de chaque côté de la bande (1). Les têtes de mesure sont pourvues d'ajutages spéciaux qui soufflent contre la surface et maintiennent une distance constante de 60-100 mum par rapport aux surfaces respectives du papier. L'épaisseur est obtenue en mesurant la distance entre les ajutages par l'intermédiaire d'une sonde de mesure électrique (13), et un dispositif (13') détecté par la sonde de mesure. Par la conception spéciale des ajutages (12, 12'), et par leur compression pneumatique (via 11) contre les surfaces, une grande précision (meilleure que 0,5 mum) peut êtrre obtenue, et ceci même si la position du papier est modifiée, le tout avec une rapidité considérable. Le temps d'indication pour une modification d'épaisseur d'environ 100 mum est d'environ 0,5 ms.
Abstract:
Apparatus for measuring thickness, two light measuring heads (2, 3) being mounted by air bearings in housings on either side of the web (1). The measuring heads are provided with specially implemented nozzles blowing against the surface and maintaining a constant distance of 60-100 mum to the respective paper surfaces. The thickness is measured by the distance between the nozzles being measured via an electrical measuring probe (13) in one, and a means (13') sensed by the measuring probe. By the especial implementation of the nozzles (12, 12') and by their being pneumatically pressed (via 11) against the surfaces, high accuracy (better than 0.5 mum) can be achieved, and this is so even if the position of the paper is altered, rapidity also being considerable. The time to indication for a thickness alteration of about 100 mum is about 0.5 ms.
Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to an eco-friendly methodology for the conversion of alcohols and aldehydes to amines and amides using an integrated enzyme cascade system with metal- and organocatalysis. More specifically, the present invention relates to synthesis of capsaicinoids starting from vanillin alcohol and using a combination of an enzyme cascade system and catalysts. Furthermore, the method also relates to synthesis of capsaicinoids derivatives starting from vanillin alcohol derivatives and using a combination of an enzyme cascade system and catalysts.
Abstract:
According to the invention, the supply (11) of an adhesion and release agent respectively to the surface of a Yankee-cylinder (1) from which the paper web is removed with the aid of a doctor blade (5) is controlled as a function of a signal from a gauge (20) which measures web tension and which is located between the cylinder (1) and the device (7, 8, 9) by means of which the web is rolled-up. When the degree of crêping is constant, an increase or decrease in web tension indicates that adhesion has increased or decreased respectively, resulting in a change in the setting of the supply device (11, 12). The invention also relates to a suitable web tension gauge to this end.
Abstract:
A web tension meter, particularly suited for measuring the tension in moving webs, e.g. paper in paper machines or a winding machine. The meter is based on the principle of supplying pressurized air through a passage (4) and a passage (11) to an outwardly open space (8) which is surrounded by a measuring opening in the form of an annular slot (9) coupled to a pressure gauge (via 5). The paper is allowed to pass in front of the openings (8, 9) at some millimeters distance therefrom. The measured pressure is quite surprisingly a linear, or near linear, function of the tension in the web.
Abstract:
Tensiomètre de bande sans contact, indiqué notamment pour la mesure de la tension de bandes en mouvement, par exemple de papier dans des machines à papier ou dans une enrouleuse. Le tensiomètre se base sur le principe consistant à envoyer de l'air sous pression à travers un passage (4) et un passage (11) à un espace ouvert vers l'extérieur (8) qui est entouré par une ouverture de mesure sous la forme d'une fente annulaire (9) couplée à une jauge de pression (via 5). Le papier peut défiler devant les ouvertures (8, 9) à quelques millimètres de distance de ces dernières. D'une manière surprenante, la pression mesurée est une fonction linéaire ou quasi-linéaire de la tension de la bande.
Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to an eco-friendly methodology for the conversion of alcohols and aldehydes to amines and amides using an integrated enzyme cascade system with metal-and organocatalysis. More specifically, the present invention relates to synthesis of capsaicinoids starting from vanillin alcohol and using a combination of an enzyme cascade system and catalysts. Furthermore, the method also relates to synthesis of capsaicinoids derivatives starting from vanillin alcohol derivatives and using a combination of an enzyme cascade system and catalysts.
Abstract:
Apparatus for measuring thickness, two light measuring heads (2, 3) being mounted by air bearings in housings on either side of the web (1). The measuring heads are provided with specially implemented nozzles blowing against the surface and maintaining a constant distance of 60-100 mu m to the respective paper surfaces. The thickness is measured by the distance between the nozzles being measured via an electrical measuring probe (13) in one, and a means (13') sensed by the measuring probe. By the especial implementation of the nozzles (12, 12') and by their being pneumatically pressed (via 11) against the surfaces, high accuracy (better than 0.5 mu m) can be achieved, and this is so even if the position of the paper is altered, rapidity also being considerable. The time to indication for a thickness alteration of about 100 mu m is about 0.5 ms.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the production of a polyamine involving the use of enzymes; in particular to a process performed in aqueous environment; to the polyamines produced by said method; as well as the use of said polyamines for manufacturing paper, for immobilizing enzymes, or for preparing pharmaceutical or cosmetical compositions. The invention also relates to a novel method for in situ regeneration of cofactors NAD(P)+.