Abstract:
An apparatus and method for obtaining a measurement of various qualities of an electrochemical cell (12). The apparatus includes first (9) and second (10) electrodes and an excitation source (8) for providing a time varying excitation voltage to the first electrode (9). The excitation voltage (8) is switched between two voltage levels with the first and second voltages alternately applied to the first electrode for predetermined times. An external capacitance (Cout) is connected between the second electrode (10) and ground. The apparatus is capable of determining the time related rates at which electrical charge is transferred from the first electrode (9) to charge the external capacitance (Cout). These rates, here termed Transient Immitivity Response (TIR), may be provided as a digital or analog output (11).
Abstract:
A process for increasing the activity of a zeolite-containing particulate solid containing contaminants which block the pores of the zeolite and adversely affect the activity thereof wherein the contaminated zeolitic material is slurried with a liquid containing an acid, detergent or surfactant, the slurry is agitated to liberate the pore-blocking contaminants from the zeolite pores so that they are suspended in the liquid, a portion of the liquid is withdrawn from the slurry and filtered to remove the suspended contaminants, the resulting liquid is returned to the slurry, and the treated zeolite-containing particulate solid is removed from the solution and recovered.
Abstract:
A process for increasing the activity of a zeolite-containing particulate solid containing contaminants which block the pores of the zeolite and adversely affect the activity thereof wherein the contaminated zeolitic material is slurried with a liquid containing an acid, detergent or surfactant, the slurry is agitated to liberate the pore-blocking contaminants from the zeolite pores so that they are suspended in the liquid, a portion of the liquid is withdrawn from the slurry and filtered to remove the suspended contaminants, the resulting liquid is returned to the slurry, and the treated zeolite-containing particulate solid is liquid from the solution and recovered.
Abstract:
A process for increasing the activity of a zeolite-containing particulate solid containing contaminants which block the pores of the zeolite and adversely affect the activity thereof wherein the contaminated zeolitic material is slurried with a liquid containing an acid, detergent or surfactant, the slurry is agitated to liberate the pore-blocking contaminants from the zeolite pores so that they are suspended in the liquid, a portion of the liquid is withdrawn from the slurry and filtered to remove the suspended contaminants, the resulting liquid is returned to the slurry, and the treated zeolite-containing particulate solid is liquid from the solution and recovered.
Abstract:
A process for increasing the activity of a zeolite-containing particulate solid containing contaminants which block the pores of the zeolite and adversely affect the activity thereof wherein the contaminated zeolitic material is slurried with a liquid containing an acid, detergent or surfactant, the slurry is agitated to liberate the pore-blocking contaminants from the zeolite pores so that they are suspended in the liquid, a portion of the liquid is withdrawn from the slurry and filtered to remove the suspended contaminants, the resulting liquid is returned to the slurry, and the treated zeolite-containing particulate solid is removed from the solution and recovered.
Abstract:
A process for increasing the activity of a zeolite-containing particulate solid containing contaminants which block the pores of the zeolite and adversely affect the activity thereof wherein the contaminated zeolitic material is slurried with a liquid containing an acid, detergent or surfactant, the slurry is agitated to liberate the pore-blocking contaminants from the zeolite pores so that they are suspended in the liquid, a portion of the liquid is withdrawn from the slurry and filtered to remove the suspended contaminants, the resulting liquid is returned to the slurry, and the treated zeolite-containing particulate solid is liquid from the solution and recovered.
Abstract:
A process for increasing the activity of a zeolite-containing particulate solid containing contaminants which block the pores of the zeolite and adversely affect the activity thereof wherein the contaminated zeolitic material is slurried with a liquid containing an acid, detergent or surfactant, the slurry is agitated to liberate the pore-blocking contaminants from the zeolite pores so that they are suspended in the liquid, a portion of the liquid is withdrawn from the slurry and filtered to remove the suspended contaminants, the resulting liquid is returned to the slurry, and the treated zeolite-containing particulate solid is liquid from the solution and recovered.
Abstract:
Un proceso para incrementar la actividad de un sólido particuladoconteniendo zeolitas y conteniendo contaminantes los cuales bloquean los poros de las zeolitas y afectan de una manera adversa la actividad del sólido, cuyo proceso comprende: a) formación de una lechada del mencionado sólido particulado con un líquido conteniendo al menos un agente activante seleccionado del grupo consistente de ácidos, detergentes y surfactantes siendo dicho agente efectivo para solubilizar o desalojar los contaminantes; b) agitando dicha lechada bajo condiciones de activación, incluyendo una temperatura y un tiempo suficientes para solubilizar o desalojar los contaminantes, de manera que los contaminantes resultantes solubilizados o desalojados sean transportados por el líquido desde el sólido particulado; c) retirando de la lechada agitada una porción del líquido que está transportando los contaminantes solubilizados o desalojados; d) separando el sólido particulado resultante del líquido restante en la lechada; e) lavando el sólido particulado separado para remover de allí el liquido residual conteniendo el agente activante mencionado; y f) recuperando un sólido particulado conteniendo zeolitas tratado teniendo un nivel de actividad más grande que la actividad del sólido contaminado. Sigue - 2 -Un proceso para reactivar un catalizador particulado gastado incluyendo zeolitas y conteniendo depósitos carbonosos y uno o más de otros contaminantes los cuales bloquean los poros de las zeolitas y afectan adversamente la actividad catalítica de estos, el cual comprende: a) removiendo lo depósitos carbonosos de los catalizadores sólidos gastados poniendo en contacto el catalizador con un gas que contenga oxígeno bajo condiciones controladas de oxidación: b) enfriando el catalizador resultante teniendo un nivel reducido de depósitos carbonosos; c) formando una lechada del catalizador enfriado con una solución acuosa de un agente activante seleccionado del grupo consistente de ácidos, enzimas, detergentes y surfactantes efectivos para solubilizar o desalojar los contaminantes;d) agitando la lechada mencionada bajo condiciones de activación, incluyendo una temperatura elevada y un tiempo suficiente para solubilizar o desalojar los contaminantes, de manera que los contaminantes resultantes solubilizados sean acarreados por la solución desde el sólido particulado; e) retirando una porción de la solución llevando los contaminantes solubilizados o desalojados de la lechada; f) separando el catalizador resultante de la solución restante en la lechada; g) lavando el catalizador separado para remover cualquier residuo de la solución; y h) recuperando un catalizador conteniendo zeolitas tratado teniendo un nivel de actividad catalítica más grande que aquel del sólido contaminado.