Abstract:
Pinch roll apparatus comprises upper and lower pinch rolls (60A, 60B) each having a diameter between 300-1500mm positioned laterally adjacent each other to form a nip between them through which metal strip (12) can be continuously fed and a rotational drive capable of counter rotating the pinch rolls (60A, 60B) to cause the strip to pass through the nip between them. The axes of pinch rolls (60A, 60B) are offset in the direction of travel of the strip through the pinch rolls between 10 and 130mm and with the upper pinch roll offset positioned downstream of the direction of travel of the strip. A tilt drive is capable of tilting the upper pinch roll (60A) by a tilt between 0.5 and 5.0mm, measured at the edge of the strip, relative to the lower pinch roll to control steering of the strip.
Abstract:
A high copper low alloy steel sheet made by the steps comprising preparing a molten melt producing an as-cast low alloy steel comprising by weight, between 0.02 % and 0.3% carbon, between 0.10% and 1.5% manganese, between 0.01% and 0.5% silicon, between 0.002 and 0.0095% sulfur, greater than 0.01 % and less than or equal to 0.15% phosphorus, less than 0.05% aluminum, more than 0.20% copper, less than 0.03 % tin, and less than 0.10 % nickel, and the remainder iron and impurities resulting from melting, and solidifying the molten melt into sheet less than 10 mm in thickness in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to below 1080°C. The copper content may be between 0.2% and 2.0% by weight. The high copper low alloy steel may also have a corrosion index (I) of at least 6.0 in accordance with ASTM G101 where: I = 26.01 (% Cu) + 3.88 (% Ni) + 1.20 (% Cr) + 1.49 (% Si) + 17.28 (% P) - 7.29 (% Cu)(% Ni) - 9.10 (% Ni)(% P) - 33.39 (% Cu)². The high copper low alloy steel may be produced by twin roll casting, and may have thickness less than 5 mm or less than 2 mm in thickness.
Abstract:
A method of and apparatus for localized control of heat flux in continuous casting of thin cast strip comprising removing oxides from the casting surface of each casting roll by contacting the casting surface of each casting roll with the rotating brush in advance of the casting area, and delivering gas at the casting surface between the rotating brush and entry to the casting area to form a gas layer on the casting surface of each casting roll where the oxides have been removed. The delivering of gas at the casting surface between the rotating brush and entry to the casting area is preferably done in at least three zones along the casting roll axes to form a gas layer on the casting surface of each casting roll where the oxides have been removed, where the gas projected in the respective zones can be of different composition, mixture, pressure, or combination thereof.
Abstract:
A method of controlling the formation of crocodile skin surface roughness on thin cast strip of plain carbon steel forming a casting pool of molten metal of plain carbon steel of less than 0.065% carbon supported on a casting surfaces above a nip, assembling a rotating brush to contact the casting surfaces in advance of contact with the molten metal, and controlling the energy exerted by rotating brushes against the casting surfaces of the casting rolls to clean and expose a majority of the projections of the casting surfaces of the casting rolls by provide wetting contact with the molten metal of the casting pool. The cleaning step may be done by controlling the energy of the rotating brush against the casting rolls based on the difference between the measured heat flux and the initially measured heat flux when the casting surfaces are clean, and automating the method.
Abstract:
A metal component is disclosed wherein a protective coat having oxidation resistance is formed on a part to be processed in the main body of the metal component. An electrode which is composed of either a formed body which is made of an aluminum powder, an aluminum alloy powder or the like or such a formed body having been subjected to a heat treatment is used for formation of the protective coat. The protective coat is formed by producing a pulse discharge between the part of the main body to be processed and the electrode for having the electrode material in the electrode adhere to the part to be processed, and then by maintaining the part and the adherent electrode material at a high temperature for dispersing the electrode material into the base material of the main body.
Abstract:
A combustion apparatus is disclosed wherein burner ports are communicated through ducts with slit-shaped air ports formed through the fins or gills of the boiler tubes immediately above the burner ports in such a way that the fresh air or the airexhaust-gas mixture may be selectively blown into the furnace. The NOx, and CO contents in the exhaust gases discharged into the surrounding atmosphere may be considerably decreased.
Abstract:
The apparatus consists of a suspension preheater with a calcining burner, a rotary kiln, a planetary type multicylinder precooler installed into a unitary construction with the rotary kiln and a main cooler and it aims to take away many problems and defects caused by the conventional system having production capacity more than several thousand tons per day.
Abstract:
In a heat exchanger having a tube bundle comprising a plurality of inner tubes and a plurality of cooling tubes, each of the inner tubes being arranged within each of the cooling tubes and passed therethrough to provide a double tube structure. The inside of the inner cooling tubes are gas tightly connected to both inlet and outlet chambers for high temperature fluid and the outside of the inner cooling tubes are gas-tightly connected to both inlet and outlet compartments for heat transfer medium as open ends, a high pressure lower temperature fluid is passed through the outside of the outer cooling tubes, a fluid having a high thermal conductivity, for example, molten lead, lead alloy, tin, tin alloy bismuth, sodium, salts of mercury or of sodium in a molten state, is passed through the outside of the inner cooling tubes as the heat transfer medium in ordinary case, and a gas having a low thermal conductivity is passed therethrough as a heat transfer medium when the inner tubes are required to be maintained at a high temperature.
Abstract:
A container loading and unloading method in which a buffer is provided between a container crane and a rear conveyance facility on a container crane so that some of the containers may be deposited upon said buffer when the containers are transferred from the container crane to the container carriage or vice versa.