Abstract:
There is disclosed a reinforcing structural material (1) comprising a plurality of fibre cords (3), each comprising a plurality of fibres (2) formed into a braid (4), the braid (4) being impregnated with a bonding agent (5). The reinforcing structural material (1) can be used to reinforce a moulded inorganic composite.
Abstract:
A water-absorbent polymer capable of keeping absorbed water therein in the form of independent grains and having the property of slipping between grains may be produced by dispersing an aqueous solution of a partially neutralised acrylic acid in a solution of an acrylic copolymer in a liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon, polymerising the mixture by W/O suspension polymerisation and cross-linking in the presence of a cross-linking agent. The polymer can be used to produce fine grain ice and fine grain dry clathrate water for the manufacture of concrete/mortar.
Abstract:
A process for manufacturing a structural reinforcing member is characterized in that a fibre body (1) comprising a plurality of threads (3) made of reinforcing fibre is impregnated with a hardenable material (4) and is introduced into a drawing die (5) having a desired sectional shape so as to be formed into a drawn body (1) having a predetermined sectional shape, whereupon a tape (7) is coiled therearound so as to cover the same and the drawn fibre body (1) is subjected to a hardening treatment. The reinforcing members can be used, for example, for reinforcing concrete.
Abstract:
A shield machine for enlarging a portion of an existing tunnel includes an inner and outer double cylinder shaped shield machine body with a cylindrical outer shield portion and a cylindrical inner guide portion designed to be driven in an axial direction of an existing tunnel and along an outer circumferential surface of primary assembly segments lining the existing tunnel. Jack members are provided for pushing forward the shield machine body by receiving a reaction from a reaction member such as secondary assembly segments lining a constructed enlarged tunnel. A scraper member is positioned adjacent to the inner guide portion for removing a back-filling agent on the outer surface of the primary assembly segments.
Abstract:
A shield driving apparatus and process for enlarging the periphery of a predetermined region of an existing tunnel lined with a primary shield segment assembly wherein some segments of such a region of the primary shield segment assembly that correspond to the predetermined region to be enlarged are removed in series along the axial direction of the existing tunnel. The exposed ground resulting from the removal of the primary shield segment assembly is excavated to form a cavity therein. A circumferentially driving shield machine is positioned in the cavity and is mounted to bridge between the two guide rings provided at both end portions of the predetermined region and along the periphery of the existing tunnel. Circumferential segments are mounted to bridge between the two rings and are fixedly pile one upon another on the rear surface of the shield machine so as to form a series thereof connected to the shield machine while the shield machine is driven forward step by step in the circumferential direction of the existing tunnel along on the guide rings by applying a pressure to the rearmost one of the piled circumferential segments progressively formed. The enlargement of the periphery of the predetermined region lined with a ring of a series of circumferential segments is thus completed.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for constructing an enlarged tunnel in a portion of a predetermined region of an existing tunnel. A circumferentially enlarged portion is excavated to define a starting base for a shield machine. The shield machine is positioned in the circumferentially enlarged portion and advanced forward along the existing tunnel in order to enlarge the circumference in the predetermined region of the existing tunnel. A section of a tubular liner lining the existing tunnel is broken and removed therefrom. Thereafter, the resultant enlarged tunnel portion is lined with segments.
Abstract:
A shield machine for enlarging a portion of an existing tunnel includes an inner and outer double cylinder shaped shield machine body with a cylindrical outer shield portion and a cylindrical inner guide portion designed to be driven in an axial direction of an existing tunnel and along an outer circumferential surface of primary assembly segments lining the existing tunnel. Jack members are provided for pushing forward the shield machine body by receiving a reaction from a reaction member such as secondary assembly segments lining a constructed enlarged tunnel. A scraper member is positioned adjacent to the inner guide portion for removing a back-filling agent on the outer surface of the primary assembly segments.
Abstract:
In an apparatus for treatment of an ammoniacal waste liquid comprising a reaction tank for effecting a decomposition reaction of fixed ammonia by adding a calcium series alkali so as to obtain a reaction product comprising free ammonia and a calcium salt, a solid-liquid separator for effecting separation of the calcium salt so as to obtain a separated liquid, a distillation column for steam-stripping of the free ammonia from the separated liquid, and a pipe passage connecting consecutively said reaction tank, said separator and said distillation column, the improvement comprising a heat aging tank interposed in the pipe passage between the solid-liquid separator and the distillation column so that the calcium salt present in a dissolved state in the separated liquid may be separated out and aged in the aging tank where the liquid is raised to the temperature at the top of the distillation column, thus preventing blocking in the distillation column. The distillation column may also be provided with a circulating pipe passage for an acid washing liquid, in a communication at both ends with the column and also provided with a nozzle for blowing gas for stirring the washing liquid in the column.
Abstract:
A method for producing concrete/mortar consists of (a) mixing water with polymer particles capable of retaining their particulate shape when substantial quantities of water are absorbed therein; (b) mixing cement or cement and aggregate with the product of step (a), and (c) expelling the water absorbed in the polymer particles in the mixture of (b) to the outside thereof by a molding method so as to hydrate the cement. If desired the polymer may be frozen prior to step (b) and then melted when required for hydration of the cement. The method has the advantage that excess water need not be used to make concrete/mortar. Also, where water is not available the method can still be used. Further, the method avoids the prior art use of fine grain ice obtained by crushing a block of ice and cold storing the fine grains.