Abstract:
The present application provides novel thallium-sensitive agents and assays using those agents, e.g., for identifying modulators of ion channels, channel-linked receptors or ion transporters.
Abstract:
Disclosed are photometric methods and devices for determining optical pathlength of liquid samples containing analytes dissolved or suspended in a solvent. The methods and devices rely on determining a relationship between the light absorption properties of the solvent and the optical pathlength of liquid samples containing the solvent. This relationship is used to establish the optical pathlength for samples containing an unknown concentration of analyte but having similar solvent composition. Further disclosed are methods and devices for determining the concentration of analyte in such samples where both the optical pathlength and the concentration of analyte are unknown. The methods and devices rely on separately determining, at different wavelengths of light, light absorption by the solvent and light absorption by the analyte. Light absorption by the analyte, together with the optical pathlength so determined, is used to calculate the concentration of the analyte. Devices for carrying out the methods particularly advantageously include vertical-beam photometers containing samples disposed within the wells of multi-assays plates, wherein the photometer is able to monitor light absorption of each sample at multiple wavelengths, including in the visible or UV-visible region of the spectrum, as well as in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Novel photometer devices are described which automatically determine the concentration of analytes in such multi-assay plates directly without employing a standard curve.
Abstract:
The present invention encompasses a capture membrane comprising a porous filter membrane having a hapten bound directly or indirectly to the membrane wherein complexes formed by specific binding having an anti-hapten bound to a binding member of the specifically binding complex are removed from a solution by the hapten as the solution passes through the membrane. In the preferred embodiment biotin is the hapten and avidin or streptavidin is the anti-hapten.
Abstract:
The invention encompasses an improved method for measuring membrane potential using compounds of the formula I as petentiometric probes. These probes may be used in combination with other fluorescent indicators such as Indo-1, Fura-2, and Fluo-3, such probes may be used in microplate reading devices such as FLIPR TR , fluorescent imaging plate reader, sold by Molecular Device Corp., of Sunnyvale, CA; flow cytometers; and fluorometers. Such probes are used to measure membrane potential in live cells. X is O. or S. n is 1 or 2.
Abstract:
This invention encompasses a work station for conducting assays which comprises a filtering assembly (2), a reading assembly (40), and a filter element (4) with a porous filter membrane (5), wherein the filter element has a means (3) for aligning the filter element (4) within the filter assembly (2) to filter reagents on predetermined portions of the porous filter membrane (5) and also to position the filter element in the reading assembly (40) so that detection will occur in those same predetermined locations where analyte or analyte complexes have been filtered.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus are disclosed for detecting the effects of cell affecting agents on living cells. The method steps include providing living cells that are retained in a micro flow chamber. The micro flow chamber is adapted for either continuous or intermittent flow of solutions or suspensions in intimate contact with the cells. The solutions or suspensions, which contain a cell affecting agent, are then flowed in intimate contact with the cells and at least one effect of the cell affecting agent on the cells is measured by an appropriate detecting means, which is operatively associated with the micro flow chamber.
Abstract:
Systems, including compositions, kits, and methods, particularly for photoluminescence applications. The systems may include, among others, (1) organic chelators, (2) complexes between the chelators and lanthanide ions, and (3) precursors, derivatives, and uses thereof. The chelators may include a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane ring system, for example, having the formula:(I) Here, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are substituents of the tetraazacyclododecane ring system, that is further substituted at the 10-position by a sensitizer Z that is typically a polyheterocyclic ring system. The organic chelator may be capable of forming a luminescent complex with a lanthanide ion, and is optionally further substituted by a reactive functional group or a conjugated substance. The resulting lanthanide complex may be useful in luminescence-based assays, such as energy transfer assays, among others.
Abstract:
Systems, including compositions, kits, and methods, suitable for performing enzyme assays, such as protease assays. The composition may include derivatives of rhodamine 110 that are substitued at the xanthylium nitrogens by a peptide moiety and a morpholine-4-carbonyl moiety, respectively. These compositions may be luminogenic substrates for a large variety of protease enzymes, with utility in a variety of sensitive protease enzyme assays.
Abstract:
Systems, including compositions, kits, and methods, suitable for performing enzyme assays, such as protease assays. The composition may include derivatives of rhodamine 110 that are substitued at the xanthylium nitrogens by a peptide moiety and a morpholine-4-carbonyl moiety, respectively. These compositions may be luminogenic substrates for a large variety of protease enzymes, with utility in a variety of sensitive protease enzyme assays.
Abstract:
The invention disclosed is a method for monitoring the metabolism of cells retained in individual wells of a multiassay plate by measuring the rates of extracellular acidification comprising the steps of: placing the cells in a solution containing a pH buffer and an acid/base indicator (the acidic form having optimum absorbance in a first wavelength region and the basic form having optimum absorbance in a second wavelength region), heating the solution in the individual wells to a substantially uniform temperature, mixing the solution in each well, measuring the optical densities of light passing vertically through the wells at a first wavelength in the first wavelength region and a second wavelength in the second wavelength region, determining a ratio of the optical density at the first and second wavelengths in each of two, or more wells, and repeating the mixing, measuring, and determining steps to monitor kinetically a rate of change in extracellular pH caused by the cells. The use of selected buffering system-acid/base indicator pairs, which provide little or no optically-apparent change in pH with change in temperature, was found to be highly desirable for carrying out the method. Methods for composing such buffering system-acid/base indicator pairs are disclosed, together with examples of such pairs.