Abstract:
A method for regulating the sodium carbonate concentration of a green liquor (17) in the dissolving tank (14) of the Kraft recovery process by measuring the conductivity of the green liquor from the dissolving tank, measuring the conductivity and flow rate of a weak wash solution (16) being added to the green liquor in the dissolving tank, using these measurements to determine the sodium carbonate concentration of the green liquor in the dissolving tank, and adjusting the volume of the weak wash solution (16) being added to the dissolving tank in response to changes in the concentration of sodium carbonate in the green liquor so as to maintain the concentration of sodium carbonate in the green liquor at a predetermined, preferably constant, level.
Abstract:
A dual-column, dual-detector gas detector and analyzer employs both a photo-ionization detector and a flame-ionization detector. In a survey mode, samples of ambient air are driven through both detectors, and the outputs of both detectors are used to determine the presence of one or more gasses. In analysis mode, fixed-volume samples of ambient air are driven through two elution columns having different properties. The output of each elution column is fed to one of the detectors. The arrival times of gas peaks at the two detectors are employed to develop two lists of candidate gasses. The lists are cross-checked for the presence of each candidate on both lists. Candidates identified from their presence on both lists are identified. A further check attempts to identify candidates which are identifiable from their presence on one of the lists, and not on the other. Components identified in this way are added to the final list. Unidentified components are discarded, although their presence is noted and reported as unknown. Portability is retained by eliminating isothermal ovens and by reducing the quantity of hydrogen required. A simplified way of characterizing temperature corrections of elution columns is disclosed.
Abstract:
An electrodeless conductivity measuring cell having three toroids. In one arrangement, the three toroids are stacked together wherein the center toroid is used for sensing and the two outer toroids are the drive toroids. Alternatively, the center toroid may be used as the drive coil and the outer toroids used as sense coils. Washer-shaped, grounded discs are placed between the outer toroids and the center toroid to provide for improved noise rejection. A method of validating the fluid conductivity measurement of such a measuring cell. The fluid conductivity is measured with a three-cell configuration, and then it is measured with a two-cell configuration. If the conductivity is observed to be the same, the cells are likely functioning normally. If fluid leaks into the cell cavity, the measurement of conductivity will change.
Abstract:
In a process control system, a user selects a displayed object. The user then asks to be shown documents related to the selected object. A list of related documents is automatically displayed to the user who may then select a document for display. The association of documents with displayed process control objects is facilitated by a document librarian. Within the document librarian, a user drags documents from within a document hierarchy over to hierarchically designated objects within the process control system, and drops them thereon. Links between the documents and the process control objects are thereby established.
Abstract:
A computer controller and method of operating the same for controlling industrial process control equipment which uses a language structure and data specifically adapted for use in constructing computer programs for controlling chemical and physical processing. A translator converts to compilable code programs written as statements expressing control intentions or results. Provisions are made for implementing discrete variables using natural language statements, for assigning values to the discrete variables and for performing conditional execution statements using the discrete variables in natural language format.
Abstract:
An industrial computing device that is expandable by the use of expansion modules. The industrial computing device includes a field mountable housing having a primary housing (70) and first and second side covers (68, 66). The processor (22) is internal to the housing and the first side cover (68) allows access to the processor (22). At least one peripheral connector (94(1), 94(2)) adapted to receive at least one PCMCIA card (95) is internal to the housing. The peripheral connector (94(1), 94(2)), the primary housing (70), and the side covers (66, 68) being oriented orthogonal to a mounting plane of the industrial computing device.
Abstract:
A selectively pressured housing apparatus comprising a body, a wall member, an aperture, and a mounting seat. The body has a chamber therein extending along a first axis, is open at a first axial end and a second axial end, and has a port extending along a second axis transverse to the first axis. The port communicates with the chamber. The wall member is inside of the body and extends transverse to the first axis and parallel to the second axis and divides the chamber into first and second compartments, axially spaced along the first axis. The port communicating with the chamber is in the second compartment. The aperture extends through the wall member and connects the first and second compartments. The mounting seat is on the wall member and extends circumferentially about the aperture for removably and replaceably seating an element with a selected pressure seal to the wall member. According to one preferred embodiment, the first and second compartments are employed for housing process electronics associated with a differential pressure transmitter.
Abstract:
The object of this invention is to eliminate long-term transient behavior upon electrical excitation of polycrystalline silicon and provide electrical excitation with a minimal stabilization period and utilizing micro-power consumption. This invention comprises an electronic excitation circuit for a polycrystalline silicon sensor that detects the pressure of a process flow. The sensor consists of polycrystalline silicon piezoresistors (22) deposited onto a polycrystalline silicon sensing diaphragm (14) having a dielectric layer (18) interposed in between. Electrical excitation of the piezoresistors is accomplished by an alternating electrical waveform having a constant amplitude of less than 10 volts and at a frequency of less than 100k Hz. The waveform is applied to a first input terminal (40a) of a Wheatstone bridge with an opposite polarity to a second input terminal (40b) of the bridge. The resultant voltage difference between the output terminals is used to detect an imbalance in the electrical resistors induced by applied pressure. The voltage level and frequency range chosen is such that the circuit utilized approximately 1 mW of power.
Abstract:
An electrodeless conductivity measuring cell having three toroids is shown and described. In one arrangement, the three toroids are stacked together wherein the center toroid is used for sensing and the two outer toroids are the drive toroids. Alternatively, the center toroid may be used as the drive coil and the outer toroids used as sense coils. Washer-shaped, grounded discs are placed between the outer toroids and the center toroid to provide for improved noise rejection. A method of validating the fluid conductivity measurement of such a measuring cell is also shown. The fluid conductivity is measured with a three-cell configuration, and then it is measured with a two-cell configuration. If the conductivity is observed to be the same, the cells are likely functioning normally. If fluid leaks into the cell cavity, the measurement of conductivity will change.
Abstract:
A language structure and translator specifically adapted for use in constructing computer programs for controlling chemical and physical processing. The translator converts to compilable code programs written as statements expressing control intentions or results. Each textual function (1, 2, and 3) and statement is expressed as a data structure which expresses the function, as configured, and the state and values most recently calculated for the relevant variables. Provision is made for treating the program structure (i.e., control connections, program order and components, etc.) as a part of the dynamic state of the application. Graphical symbols, or icons (52, 54, 56 and 58) are employed to draw the eye to critical features in the control program and to lead the eye through critical interrelationships among the several commands of a complicated control system. At the same time, the translator treats the keystrokes generating these icons as statements (i.e., commands) which define the relationships among other associated program statements (which are usually textual commands), to control the order in which the operations represented by those statements are executed.