Abstract:
A hollow plane membrane of the present invention comprises a polymer filter media in a sheet form having the width in an x-direction, the length in a y-direction, and the thickness in a z-direction. A plurality of hollow channels are formed on x-z surfaces of the polymer filter media, extended in the y-direction and penetrated, and arranged in the x-direction by leaving a space each other.
Abstract:
A hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention comprises a first header; a second header; and a plurality of hollow fiber membranes fixed between the first header and the second header, wherein an external diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is changed along the longitudinal direction and increases as the diameter draws closer to the first and the second header.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: An osmosis draw solution, a method for reducing fouling of a membrane using the same, and a water treatment device using the same are provided to protect a membrane from fouling, which is generated during a membrane operation, by containing antimicrobial metal ions derived from antimicrobial materials. CONSTITUTION: An osmosis draw solution comprises antimicrobial materials. The osmosis draw solution contains antimicrobial metal ions derived from the antimicrobial materials. The diameters of the antimicrobial metal ions are in the range of 1-4 Å. The concentration of the antimicrobial materials in the osmosis draw solution is in the range of 0.00001-1 wt%. A method for reducing fouling of a membrane comprises the steps of: contacting a target solution containing membrane pollutant materials with one side of a semi-permeable membrane; contacting an osmosis draw solution containing antimicrobial materials with the other side of the semi-permeable membrane; and moving at least part of antimicrobial metal ions derived from the antimicrobial materials to the target solution through the semi-permeable membrane by back-diffusion. [Reference numerals] (AA) Normalized flow rate (g/h); (BB) Control group; (CC) Comparative example 1; (DD) Example 2; (EE) Time (h)