Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for electronically displaying metered electrical energy are disclosed. A first processor (14) receives voltage and current signals and determines electrical energy. The first processor (14) generates an energy signal representative of the electrical energy determination. A second processor (16), connected to said first processor, receives the energy signal and generates a display signal representative of electrical energy information. A display (30) is connected to receive the display signal and displays the electrical energy information. In a first embodiment it is preferred for the first processor (14) to determine units of electrical energy from the voltage and current signals and to generate an energy signal representative of the determination of such units and the rate at which the units are determined. In another embodiment the first processor determines and displays watt units, apparent reactive energy units and the rate at which such units are determined. The display (30) may provide energy flow direction information.
Abstract:
A method for measuring an unknown voltage (VIN) using a voltage divider network (R1, R2 and R3) in such a way that uncertainties in the values of the resistances do not affect the measurement. The unknown voltage is divided into three fractional voltages, the fractional voltages are measured, and the unknown voltage is divided with a voltage divider comprising first (R1), second (R2) and third (R3) resistors, and a first voltage (V01) is measured across the first resistor, a second voltage (V02) is measured across the second resistor and a third voltage (V03) is measured across the third resistor. The unknown voltage VIN is computed in accordance with the equations disclosed in the specification.
Abstract:
A power distribution system comprises a high voltage transmission line (10), a transformer (12), a low voltage transmission line coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer, a carrier transponder (18) coupled to the low voltage transmission line, and a capacitor (20). The capacitor (20) is matched to the leakage reactance such that a capacitive reactance of the capacitor combines with the leakage reactance to produce an anti-resonant condition that effectively increases the current in the secondary winding and thereby improves communications between the transponder and a power generation sub-station.
Abstract:
A power distribution line communication system for, and method of, reducing effects of signal cancellation at locations along the distribution line (2) due to standing waves caused by reflections of a carrier signal impressed on the distribution line (2). A same outgoing data signal is modulated on each of a plurality of carrier signals (40, 42, 44) having different frequencies. The carrier signal frequencies are selected such that all of the carrier signals (40, 42, 44) will not experience signal cancellation at a same location on the distribution line (2). The modulated carrier signals (40, 42, 44) are simultaneously impressed on the distribution line (2) for transmission to remote locations (4), thereby ensuring reception of the outgoing data signal at each remote location (4).