Abstract:
Apparatus and associated methods for measuring the polymer content of a mixture (2) having polymer and cellulose components. Infrared absorption means (6, 55) are employed to derive a measurement of that fraction of the combined weights of polymer and cellulose components which is accounted for by the polymer.
Abstract:
A sensor (2) for use in measuring the clay content of a sheet (8) of paper during its continuous manufacture. The sensor produces electrical indications of the intensity of radiation transmitted through or reflected from the sheet (8) for each of a plurality of selected narrow bands of infrared radiation. The selected bands include a measurement band having a center wavelength selected from a peak absorption range (46,48,50) for kaolin and a reference band having a center wavelength selected from outside a peak absorption range for kaolin. The radiation bands are selected to minimize error resulting from differences in sensitivity to absorption by water.
Abstract:
Apparatus and methods for use in measuring the moisture content of heavy-grade sheets of paper during their continuous manufacture. In one aspect, means employing infrared absorption techniques for determining the fiber weight per unit area of a sheet having a fiber weight of up to 1100 grams per square meter are provided. In another aspect, means employing infrared absorption techniques including the use of two moisture absorption bands and associated moisture reference bands for calculating the average temperature of the sheet are provided. The latter aspect may be used to produce an indication of moisture weight per unit area, wherein the indication is substantially independent on changes in the average temperature, and enables accurate measurement of the moisture weight per unit area of heavy grades of paper having moisture weights of up to 450 grams per square meter. The former aspect may be employed in measuring the moisture content of heavy grades of paper having moisture weights of up to 90 grams per square meter.
Abstract:
Apparatus and methods for use in measuring the moisture content of heavy-grade sheets of paper during their continuous manufacture. In one aspect, means employing infrared absorption techniques for determining the fiber weight per unit area of a sheet having a fiber weight of up to 1100 grams per square meter are provided. In another aspect, means employing infrared absorption techniques including the use of two moisture absorption bands and associated moisture reference bands for calculating the average temperature of the sheet are provided. The latter aspect may be used to produce an indication of moisture weight per unit area, wherein the indication is substantially independent on changes in the average temperature, and enables accurate measurement of the moisture weight per unit area of heavy grades of paper having moisture weights of up to 450 grams per square meter. The former aspect may be employed in measuring the moisture content of heavy grades of paper having moisture weights of up to 90 grams per square meter.
Abstract:
A sensor (2) for use in measuring the clay content of a sheet (8) of paper during its continuous manufacture. The sensor produces electrical indications of the intensity of radiation transmitted through or reflected from the sheet (8) for each of a plurality of selected narrow bands of infrared radiation. The selected bands include a measurement band having a center wavelength selected from a peak absorption range (46,48,50) for kaolin and a reference band having a center wavelength selected from outside a peak absorption range for kaolin. The radiation bands are selected to minimize error resulting from differences in sensitivity to absorption by water.
Abstract:
Apparatus and associated methods for measuring the polymer content of a mixture (2) having polymer and cellulose components. Infrared absorption means (6, 55) are employed to derive a measurement of that fraction of the combined weights of polymer and cellulose components which is accounted for by the polymer.