公开(公告)号：US20230307488A1

公开(公告)日：2023-09-28

申请号：US18161763

申请日：2023-01-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Young Cheol Yang ,  Young Seok Kim ,  Aaron L Holsteen ,  Cheng Cheng ,  Chin Wei Hsu ,  Hsin I Lu ,  Ileana G. Rau ,  Jaein Choi ,  James M Perkins ,  James P Ibbetson ,  Joy M Johnson ,  Jui-Chih Liao ,  Steven E Molesa ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Yang Deng ,  Zhibing Ge

IPC: H01L27/15 ,  H01L33/58

CPC classification number: H01L27/156 ,  H01L33/58 ,  H01L2933/0091

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display with an array of inorganic light-emitting diodes. The array of inorganic light-emitting diodes may be overlapped by a polarizer layer such as a circular polarizer. Alternatively, the display may be a polarizer-free display without any polarizer layer over the array of inorganic light-emitting diodes. Each inorganic light-emitting diode may be surrounded by a diffuser that redirects edge-emissions towards a viewer. A top diffuser, a color filter layer, a microlens, and/or a microlens with color filtering and/or diffusive properties may also optionally overlap each inorganic light-emitting diode. The inorganic light-emitting diodes may have reflective sidewalls to mitigate edge-emissions. In this type of arrangement, the array of inorganic light-emitting diodes may be coplanar with one or more opaque masking layers. To mitigate reflections, the display may include two opaque masking layers having differing properties or a single phase separated opaque masking layer.

公开(公告)号：US20220005894A1

公开(公告)日：2022-01-06

申请号：US17475756

申请日：2021-09-15

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jaein Choi ,  Hairong Tang ,  Gloria Wong ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Younggu Lee ,  Gwanwoo Park ,  Chun-Yao Huang ,  Andrew Lin ,  Cheuk Chi Lo ,  Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov ,  Michael Slootsky ,  Rui Liu ,  Wendi Chang ,  Cheng Chen

IPC: H01L27/32 ,  H01L51/52

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.

公开(公告)号：US11757074B2

公开(公告)日：2023-09-12

申请号：US17225796

申请日：2021-04-08

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jaein Choi ,  Joy M. Johnson ,  Lai Wang ,  Ben-Li Sheu ,  Hairong Tang ,  Steven E. Molesa ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Young Cheol Yang

IPC: H01L33/58 ,  H10K50/854 ,  H10K50/858 ,  H10K50/86

CPC classification number: H01L33/58 ,  H10K50/854 ,  H10K50/858 ,  H10K50/865 ,  H01L2933/0091

Abstract: To extract light from a light-emitting diode (and thereby improve efficiency of the display), a microlens stack may be formed over the light-emitting diode. The microlens stack may include an array of microlenses that is covered by an additional single microlens. Having stacked microlenses in this way increases lens power without increasing the thickness of the display. The array of microlenses may be formed from an inorganic material whereas the additional single microlens may be formed from an organic material. The additional single microlens may conform to the upper surfaces of the array of microlenses. An additional low-index layer may be interposed between the light-emitting diode and the array of microlenses. A diffusive layer may be formed around the light-emitting diode to capture light emitted from the light-emitting diode sidewalls.

公开(公告)号：US11700738B2

公开(公告)日：2023-07-11

申请号：US16888451

申请日：2020-05-29

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Gloria Wong ,  Jaein Choi ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Hairong Tang ,  Xiaodan Zhu ,  Wendi Chang ,  Kanuo C. Kustra ,  Rui Liu ,  Cheng Chen ,  Teruo Sasagawa ,  Wookyung Bae

IPC: H01L51/52 ,  H10K50/824 ,  H10K50/818 ,  H10K59/35 ,  H10K59/121

CPC classification number: H10K50/818 ,  H10K50/824 ,  H10K59/121 ,  H10K59/35

Abstract: Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.

公开(公告)号：US11309372B2

公开(公告)日：2022-04-19

申请号：US16604491

申请日：2018-04-27

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jaein Choi ,  Andrew Lin ,  Cheuk Chi Lo ,  Chun-Yao Huang ,  Gloria Wong ,  Hairong Tang ,  Hitoshi Yamamoto ,  James E. Pedder ,  KiBeom Kim ,  Kwang Ohk Cheon ,  Lei Yuan ,  Michael Slootsky ,  Rui Liu ,  Steven E. Molesa ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Wendi Chang ,  Chun-Ming Tang ,  Cheng Chen ,  Ivan Knez ,  Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov ,  Giovanni Carbone ,  Graham B. Myhre ,  Jungmin Lee

IPC: H01L27/32 ,  H01L27/12 ,  H01L51/56

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have a steep sidewall, a sidewall with an undercut, or a sidewall surface with a plurality of curves to disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. A control gate that is coupled to a bias voltage and covered by gate dielectric may be used to form an organic thin-film transistor that shuts the leakage current channel between adjacent anodes on the display.

公开(公告)号：US20210057670A1

公开(公告)日：2021-02-25

申请号：US16888451

申请日：2020-05-29

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Gloria Wong ,  Jaein Choi ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Hairong Tang ,  Xiaodan Zhu ,  Wendi Chang ,  Kanuo C. Kustra ,  Rui Liu ,  Cheng Chen ,  Teruo Sasagawa ,  Wookyung Bae

IPC: H01L51/52 ,  H01L27/32

Abstract: Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.

公开(公告)号：US20240170619A1

公开(公告)日：2024-05-23

申请号：US18477445

申请日：2023-09-28

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Joy M Johnson ,  Hairong Tang ,  Ileana-Georgeta Rau ,  Jaein Choi ,  Steven E Molesa ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Xia Li ,  Young Cheol Yang ,  Young Seok Kim

IPC: H01L33/50 ,  H01L25/075 ,  H01L33/60

CPC classification number: H01L33/502 ,  H01L25/0753 ,  H01L33/60

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display with an array of pixels. Each pixel may include inorganic light-emitting diodes of the same color such as a blue inorganic light-emitting diode. To emit different colors of light using the same type of inorganic light-emitting diodes, quantum dot layers may be used. Each quantum dot layer may have an associated reflective layer. Each light-emitting diode may also have an associated reflective layer. The reflective layer for the light-emitting diode may conform to the light-emitting diode or may be separated from the light-emitting diode by gap. When the reflective layer is separated from the light-emitting by a gap, the gap may be filled by a quantum dot layer or a diffusive layer.

公开(公告)号：US20230307590A1

公开(公告)日：2023-09-28

申请号：US18161764

申请日：2023-01-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Young Cheol Yang ,  Young Seok Kim ,  Aaron L Holsteen ,  Cheng Cheng ,  Chin Wei Hsu ,  Hsin I Lu ,  Ileana G. Rau ,  Jaein Choi ,  James M. Perkins ,  James P. Ibbetson ,  Joy M. Johnson ,  Jui-Chih Liao ,  Steven E. Molesa ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Yang Deng ,  Zhibing Ge

IPC: H01L33/58 ,  H01L25/075 ,  H01L33/50 ,  H01L33/10

CPC classification number: H01L33/58 ,  H01L25/0753 ,  H01L33/505 ,  H01L33/10

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display with an array of inorganic light-emitting diodes. The array of inorganic light-emitting diodes may be overlapped by a polarizer layer such as a circular polarizer. Alternatively, the display may be a polarizer-free display without any polarizer layer over the array of inorganic light-emitting diodes. Each inorganic light-emitting diode may be surrounded by a diffuser that redirects edge-emissions towards a viewer. A top diffuser, a color filter layer, a microlens, and/or a microlens with color filtering and/or diffusive properties may also optionally overlap each inorganic light-emitting diode. The inorganic light-emitting diodes may have reflective sidewalls to mitigate edge-emissions. In this type of arrangement, the array of inorganic light-emitting diodes may be coplanar with one or more opaque masking layers. To mitigate reflections, the display may include two opaque masking layers having differing properties or a single phase separated opaque masking layer.

公开(公告)号：US11647650B2

公开(公告)日：2023-05-09

申请号：US17475756

申请日：2021-09-15

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jaein Choi ,  Hairong Tang ,  Gloria Wong ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Younggu Lee ,  Gwanwoo Park ,  Chun-Yao Huang ,  Andrew Lin ,  Cheuk Chi Lo ,  Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov ,  Michael Slootsky ,  Rui Liu ,  Wendi Chang ,  Cheng Chen

IPC: H10K59/122 ,  H10K50/19

CPC classification number: H10K59/122 ,  H10K50/19

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.

公开(公告)号：US20210391513A1

公开(公告)日：2021-12-16

申请号：US17225796

申请日：2021-04-08

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jaein Choi ,  Joy M. Johnson ,  Lai Wang ,  Ben-Li Sheu ,  Hairong Tang ,  Steven E. Molesa ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Young Cheol Yang

IPC: H01L33/58 ,  H01L51/52

Abstract: To extract light from a light-emitting diode (and thereby improve efficiency of the display), a microlens stack may be formed over the light-emitting diode. The microlens stack may include an array of microlenses that is covered by an additional single microlens. Having stacked microlenses in this way increases lens power without increasing the thickness of the display. The array of microlenses may be formed from an inorganic material whereas the additional single microlens may be formed from an organic material. The additional single microlens may conform to the upper surfaces of the array of microlenses. An additional low-index layer may be interposed between the light-emitting diode and the array of microlenses. A diffusive layer may be formed around the light-emitting diode to capture light emitted from the light-emitting diode sidewalls.