Abstract:
Process for the electrochemical condensation of carboxylic acids in a solvent, in which the electrolyte is caused to flow at a rate of from 0.05 to 2 m/sec between pairs of electrodes which are impermeable to liquids and are spaced from 0.1 to 2 mm apart.
Abstract:
In an electrocoating process acid binders which are present at least partly in the form of their salts with basic compounds are used and the basic compounds used for salt formation consist of the extent of 0.1 to 50 percent of the neutralization equivalent of the acid binder of at least one arylamine and/or alkynylamine and/or quaternary ammonium hydroxide and/or phosphonium hydroxide with at least one aromatic ligand, and other conventional additives and non-basic corrosion inhibitors may be contained in the aqueous solution or dispersion of the coating composition. The process is suitable for the production of particularly corrosion-resistant coatings on metal articles.
Abstract:
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SEBACIC ACID DIESTERS FROM ADIPIC ACID MONOESTERS OF HIGHER ALCOHOLS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL CONDENSATION IN METHANOLIC SOLUTION USING CONTINUOUS OR INTERMITTENT FLOW OF CURRENT, IN WHICH A SATURATED MONOOR POLYVALENT ETHER OR A LOWER ALKANOIC ACID IS ADDED TO THE REACTION MIXTURE.
Abstract:
1507920 Esters BASF AG 18 July 1975 [19 July 1974] 30186/75 Heading C2C [Also in Division C7] In electrochemical manufacture of an aromatic or heterocyclic ester by anodic acyloxylation of an aromatic or heterocyclic compound with an alkanoic acid, electrolysis is carried out in the presence of a conducting salt where R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are the same or different and are H or alkyl, at least one being alkyl, and R 4 is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl. The aromatic compound may be a benzene derivative, a naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, tetracene, perylene or chrysene; the heterocyclic compound may be quinoline or benzofuran; substituent groups on the aromatics may be alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, acyloxy, acylamino, cyano, nitro, or sulphonate; examples are given. Alkanoic acids mentioned are formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, isovaleric, and caproic; said salt may be made by reacting a suitable amine with such acid and may be trimethylammonium formate, acetate or propionate; triethyl ammonium formate, acetate or propionate, tri-n-butylammonium acetate, dimethylammonium formate, acetate or propionate, or diethylammonium acetate. The anode may be graphite, PbO 2 , Pt or Au, and the cathode graphite, Fe, steel or Pb; the electrode spacing may be 0À25-2 mm. and the C.D. 0À1- 30 A/dm. 2 ; a charge of 0À4-1À5 F/mole causes monoacyloxylation, and >2F/mole a higher degree. The electrolyte may comprise 5-60 wt. per cent aromatic or heterocyclic compound, 5-70% alkanoic acid, 1-20% of the salt and 0-50% of an inert co-solvent; everything apart from the product may be removed afterwards by distillation.
Abstract:
1507920 Esters BASF AG 18 July 1975 [19 July 1974] 30186/75 Heading C2C [Also in Division C7] In electrochemical manufacture of an aromatic or heterocyclic ester by anodic acyloxylation of an aromatic or heterocyclic compound with an alkanoic acid, electrolysis is carried out in the presence of a conducting salt where R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are the same or different and are H or alkyl, at least one being alkyl, and R 4 is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl. The aromatic compound may be a benzene derivative, a naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, tetracene, perylene or chrysene; the heterocyclic compound may be quinoline or benzofuran; substituent groups on the aromatics may be alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, acyloxy, acylamino, cyano, nitro, or sulphonate; examples are given. Alkanoic acids mentioned are formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, isovaleric, and caproic; said salt may be made by reacting a suitable amine with such acid and may be trimethylammonium formate, acetate or propionate; triethyl ammonium formate, acetate or propionate, tri-n-butylammonium acetate, dimethylammonium formate, acetate or propionate, or diethylammonium acetate. The anode may be graphite, PbO 2 , Pt or Au, and the cathode graphite, Fe, steel or Pb; the electrode spacing may be 0À25-2 mm. and the C.D. 0À1- 30 A/dm. 2 ; a charge of 0À4-1À5 F/mole causes monoacyloxylation, and >2F/mole a higher degree. The electrolyte may comprise 5-60 wt. per cent aromatic or heterocyclic compound, 5-70% alkanoic acid, 1-20% of the salt and 0-50% of an inert co-solvent; everything apart from the product may be removed afterwards by distillation.