Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for measuring deposits in the interior (12) of an apparatus (10) by using microwave radiation, comprising the stepsa) arranging at least one microwave resonator (20) in the interior (12) of the apparatus (10), wherein the interior (36) of the microwave resonator (20) is connected to the interior (12) of the apparatus (10) such that an exchange of material can take place, or forming the interior of the apparatus (10) as at least one microwave resonator (20),b) introducing microwave radiation into the at least one microwave resonator (20) andc) determining a resonant frequency and/or a quality of a resonance of the at least one microwave resonator (20) ,wherein the steps b) and c) are repeated and, from a change in the resonant frequency and/or the quality of a resonance of the at least one microwave resonator (20), conclusions are drawn about the quantity and/or type of deposits in the interior (12) of the apparatus (10).Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method.
Abstract:
A composition comprising a monomer of the general formula (M1) wherein M is a metal or semimetal of main group 3 or 4 of the periodic table; XM1, XM2 are each O; RM1, RM2 are the same or different and are each an —CRaRb—Ar—O—Rc; Ar is a C6 to C30 carbocyclic ring system; Ra, Rb are the same or different and are each H or C1 to C6 alkyl; Rc is C1-C22-alkyl, benzyl or phenyl; q according to the valency and charge of M is 0 or 1; XM3, XM4 are the same or different and are each O, C6 to C10 aryl, or —CH2—; RM3, RM4 are the same or different and are each RM1, H, C1-C22 alkyl, or a polymer selected from a polyalkylene, a polysiloxane, or a polyether.
Abstract:
A resin composition, comprising (a) at least one epoxy resin, and (b) at least one siloxane-type curing agent of formula C22 or C31 (C22) (C31) wherein the resin composition does essentially not contain any fluoride or bromide.
Abstract:
A composition may include a polyurethane which is the reaction product of a polyisocyanate, a polyol C1, and a polyol C2, a chain extender, optionally in the presence of a catalyst and/or one or more auxiliaries, wherein the polyol C1 polysiloxane.
Abstract:
A method for detecting deposits in a pipe system of an apparatus is proposed, the apparatus being flowed through by a fluid. In the method it is provided that at least one microwave probe is introduced into the pipe system in such a way that the fluid flows against a window (102) of the microwave probe that is transparent to microwave radiation, and that microwaves are coupled into the pipe system by way of at least one microwave probe,wherein a reflection measurement is carried out with one or two microwave probes, and/or at least two microwave probes are introduced into the pipe system at a distance from one another and a transmission measurement is carried out, wherein a comparison of measurement data with a reference or a previous measurement is used to deduce a constriction in the pipe system segment and the free cross-section at the constriction is determined, the detection of a constriction being used to deduce the presence of deposits. Further aspects of the invention relate to a microwave probe for coupling microwave radiation into the pipe system of an apparatus and to a measuring device for carrying out the method that comprises at least one such microwave probe.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the batchwise or continuous, preferably continuous production of multilayer lignocellulose materials with a core and with at least one upper and one lower outer layer, comprising the following steps: a) mixing of the components of the individual layers separately from one another, b) layer-by-layer scattering of the mixtures (for the core layer and for the outer layers) to give a mat, c) precompaction after the scattering of the individual layers, d) application of a high-frequency electrical field before, during and/or after the precompaction, and then e) hot pressing, where, in step a), for the core, the lignocellulose particles A) [component A)] are mixed with B) from 0 to 25% by weight of expanded plastics particles with bulk density in the range from 10 to 150 kg/m3 [component B)], C) from 1 to 15% by weight of one or more binders selected from the group consisting of aminoplastic resin and organic isocyanate having at least two isocyanate groups [component C)], D) from 0 to 3% by weight of ammonium salts [component D)], E) from 0 to 5% by weight of additives [component E)] and F) from 0.1 to 3% by weight of alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts from the group of the sulfates, nitrates, halides and mixtures of these [component F)], and for the outer layers, the lignocellulose particles G) [component G)] are mixed with H) from 1 to 15% by weight of one or more binders selected from the group consisting of aminoplastic resin and organic isocyanate having at least two isocyanate groups [component H)], I) from 0 to 2% by weight of ammonium salts [component I)], J) from 0 to 5% by weight of additives [component J)] and K) from 0 to 2% by weight of alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts from the group of the sulfates, nitrates, halides and mixtures of these [component K)], wherein, after step a), the mixture for the core comprises, based on the total dry weight of the mixture of components A) to F) from 3 to 15% by weight of water, the mixture(s) for the outer layers comprise(s), based on the total dry weight of the mixture(s) of components G) to K), from 5 to 20% by weight of water, and the following conditions are met: component F)≧1.1•component K) and [component F)+component D)]≧1.1•component K)+component I