Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing gamma-hydroxycarboxylic esters and gamma-lactones, which are suitable as aromatic substances, by electrochemical reductive cross-coupling of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters with carbonyl compounds in an undivided electrolytic cell, said cell having a cathode that consists of lead, lead alloys, cadmium, cadmium alloys, mercury, steel, glassy carbon or boron-doped diamonds, and using an alkaline aqueous electrolyte comprising a conducting salt which suppresses cathodic hydrogen formation.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing gamma-hydroxycarboxylic esters and gamma-lactones, which are suitable as aromatic substances, by electrochemical reductive cross-coupling of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters with carbonyl compounds in an undivided electrolytic cell, said cell having a cathode that consists of lead, lead alloys, cadmium, cadmium alloys, mercury, steel, glassy carbon or boron-doped diamonds, and using an alkaline aqueous electrolyte comprising a conducting salt which suppresses cathodic hydrogen formation.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la preparación electroquímica de ésteres de ácido γ-hidroxicarboxílico y/o γ-lactonas mediante acoplamiento cruzado reductivo de ésteres α,ß-insaturados con compuestos de carbonilo en una celda electrolítica no dividida, caracterizado porque el material del cátodo se selecciona del grupo compuesto por plomo, aleaciones de plomo, cadmio, aleaciones de cadmio, mercurio, acero, carbón vitrificado y diamantes dopados con boro, y porque se emplea un electrólito acuoso básico con al menos una sal conductora seleccionada de sales biscuaternarias y multicuaternarias de amonio y fosfonio.
Abstract:
Por medio de un acoplamiento cruzado reductivo electroquímico de ésteres aß-insaturados con compuestos de carbonilo en una celda electrolítica no dividida con un cátodo de plomo, aleaciones de plomo, cadmio, aleaciones de cadmio, mercurio, acero, carbón vitrificado o diamantes dotados de boro y un electrolito acuoso básico con una sal guía que suprime la formación de hidrógeno catódico, se pueden producir ésteres de ácido ?-hidroxicarboxílicos y ?-lactonas que son apropiados como aromatizantes.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for coating plastics or plastic surfaces with metals, especially plastics composed of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymers (ABS) and composed of mixtures of these copolymers with other plastics (e.g. ABS blends), wherein the process comprises the pretreatment of the plastic surfaces with a composition C (etch solution) comprising at least two different ionic liquids IL1 and IL2.