Abstract:
A method for increasing moisture retention in a soil includes applying an effective amount of an effective humectant composition to the soil. The effective humectant composition is identified by determining the average moisture content of the soil for the humectant compositions applied at a minimum humectant concentration level, a maximum humectant concentration level, and at a first concentration level between the minimum and the maximum humectant concentration level. An average slope curve is generated by plotting the determined average moisture content of the soil for each applied humectant concentration levels from the minimum humectant concentration level to the maximum humectant concentration level. An effective humectant composition is determined when the generated average slope curve provides an increasing average moisture content along the entirety of a length of the generated average slope curve and when the generated average slope curve has a p value of 0.05 or less.
Abstract:
A polyol includes the reaction product of an epoxidized oil and an organic acid. The epoxidized oil and the organic acid are reacted in the presence of a Lewis base catalyst including at least one of a phosphorous atom or a nitrogen atom. The polyol is formed by a method that includes the step of reacting the epoxidized oil with the organic acid in the presence of the Lewis base catalyst.
Abstract:
Un apuntalante incluye un tratamiento de superficie que comprende un componente antiestático y un componente hidrofílico. El componente antiestático comprende un compuesto de amonio cuaternario. El componente hidrofílico comprende un poliol de poliéter. Un método para formar el propulsor comprende el paso de aplicar el tratamiento de superficie en el propulsor.
Abstract:
A proppant includes a particle present in an amount of from 90 to 99.5 percent by weight and a polymeric coating disposed about the particle and present in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the proppant. The polymeric coating is formed from a curable composition comprising an isocyanate, an acrylate, and a polyol. A method of forming the proppant includes the steps of combining the isocyanate, the acrylate, and the polyol to form the curable composition, coating the particle with the curable composition, and curing the curable composition to form the polymeric coating.
Abstract:
A process for increasing the wetting rate of hydrophobic media with a wetting composition includes the steps of combining water and a heteric polyol to form the wetting composition, aging the wetting composition for an amount of time sufficient to increase the cloud point of the wetting composition to greater than 23 °C, and applying the wetting composition to the hydrophobic media. The heteric polyol has the following formula: X[Y(CH2CH2O)a(CH2CHCH3O)bH]c wherein X is an organic core derived from an initiator having at least two hydroxyl groups; Y is a heteric copolymer comprising at least two different alkyleneoxy units selected from the group of ethyleneoxy units, propyleneoxy units, and butyleneoxy units; the subscripts a and b are independently zero or a positive integer and at least one of a or b must be a positive integer; and the subscript c is an integer of two or greater.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para el aumento de la velocidad de humectacion de medios hidrofobos con una composicion de humectacion, comprendiendo dicho procedimiento las etapas de: (A) combinar agua y un poliol heterico para formar la composicion de humectacion, teniendo el poliol heterico la siguiente formula: X[Y(CH2CH2O)a(CH2CHCH3O)bH]c en la que X es un nucleo organico derivado de un iniciador que tiene al menos dos grupos hidroxilo, Y es un copolimero heterico que comprende al menos dos unidades de alquilenoxilo diferentes seleccionadas del grupo de unidades de etilenoxilo, unidades de propilenoxilo, y unidades de butilenoxilo, los subindices a y b son de manera independiente cero o un numero entero positivo y al menos uno de a o b debe ser un numero entero positivo, y el subindice c es un numero entero de dos o mayor; en la que el poliol heterico tiene un valor de HLB de desde 2 hasta 6, calculado basandose en formula de William C. Griffin para tensioactivos no ionicos, y un peso molecular promedio en numero (Mn) de desde 1.000 hasta 6.000 g/mol, y una funcionalidad hidroxilo de dos o mayor; en la que se determina el peso molecular usando los metodos descritos en la presente memoria descriptiva (B) envejecer la composicion de humectacion durante al menos 4 horas para aumentar el punto de enturbiamiento de la composicion de humectacion hasta mas de 23oC; y (C) aplicar la composicion de humectacion a los medios hidrofobos.
Abstract:
A proppant includes a surface treatment comprising an antistatic component and a hydrophilic component. The antistatic component comprises a quaternary ammonium compound. The hydrophilic component comprises a polyether polyol. A method of forming the proppant comprises the step of applying the surface treatment onto the proppant.
Abstract:
A proppant includes a surface treatment comprising an antistatic component and a hydrophilic component. The antistatic component comprises a quaternary ammonium compound. The hydrophilic component comprises a polyether polyol. A method of forming the proppant comprises the step of applying the surface treatment onto the proppant.
Abstract:
A proppant includes a particle present in an amount of from 90 to 99.5 percent by weight and a polymeric coating disposed about the particle and present in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the proppant. The polymeric coating is formed from a curable composition comprising an isocyanate, an acrylate, and a polyol. A method of forming the proppant includes the steps of combining the isocyanate, the acrylate, and the polyol to form the curable composition, coating the particle with the curable composition, and curing the curable composition to form the polymeric coating.
Abstract:
Un agente de soporte incluye una partícula presente en una cantidad de 90 a 99.5 por ciento en peso y un revestimiento polimérico dispuesto alrededor de la partícula y presente en una cantidad de 0.5 a 10 por ciento en peso, basándose en el peso total del agente de soporte. El revestimiento polimérico se forma a partir de una composición curable que comprende un isocianato, un acrilato, y un poliol. Un método para formar el agente de soporte incluye las etapas de combinar el isocianato, el acrilato, y el poliol para formar la composición curable, revestir la partícula con la composición curable, y curar la composición curable para formar el revestimiento polimérico.