Abstract:
Aspects of technology described herein relate to ultrasound apparatuses including capacitive micromachines ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) that are directly electrically coupled to delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The apparatus may lack an amplifier or multiplexer between each CMUT and delta-sigma ADC. The apparatus may include between 100 and 20,000 CMUTs and between 100 and 20,000 delta-sigma ADCs, each of the CMUTs directly electrically coupled to one of the delta-sigma ADCs. The CMUTs and the delta-sigma ADCs may be monolithically integrated on a single substrate. The delta-sigma ADCs may lack an integrator distinct from the CMUT. An internal capacitance of the CMUT may serve as an integrator for the delta-sigma ADC.
Abstract:
An ultrasound circuit comprising a single-ended trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) is described. The TIA is coupled to an ultrasonic transducer to amplify an electrical signal generated by the ultrasonic transducer in response to receiving an ultrasound signal. The TIA is followed by further processing circuitry configured to filter, amplify, and digitize the signal produced by the TIA.
Abstract:
Circuitry for ultrasound devices is described. A multi-level pulser is described, which can support time-domain and spatial apodization. The multi-level pulser may be controlled through a software-defined waveform generator. In response to the execution of a computer code, the waveform generator may access master segments from a memory, and generate a stream of packets directed to pulsing circuits. The stream of packets may be serialized. A plurality of decoding circuits may modulate the streams of packets to obtain spatial apodization.
Abstract:
A variable current trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) for an ultrasound device is described. The TIA may be coupled to an ultrasonic transducer to amplify an output signal of the ultrasonic transducer representing an ultrasound signal received by the ultrasonic transducer. During acquisition of the ultrasound signal by the ultrasonic transducer, one or more current sources in the TIA may be varied.
Abstract:
Aspects of the technology described herein related to an ultrasound processing unit (UPU) including gray-coding circuitry configured to convert standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to gray-coded digital ultrasound signals and gray-decoding circuitry coupled to the gray-coding circuitry and configured to convert the gray-coded digital ultrasound signals to standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals. The UPU may include an analog portion, a digital portion, and a data bus configured to route the gray-coded digital ultrasound signals from the analog portion to the digital portion subsequent to converting the standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to the gray-coded digital ultrasound signals. The analog portion may include multiple analog front-ends (AFEs), the gray-coding circuitry, and an analog-to-digital converter. The digital portion may include the gray-decoding circuitry. A data bus from one AFE may pass over another AFE.
Abstract:
Aspects of technology described herein relate to ultrasound apparatuses including capacitive micromachines ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) that are directly electrically coupled to delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The apparatus may lack an amplifier or multiplexer between each CMUT and delta-sigma ADC. The apparatus may include between 100 and 20,000 CMUTs and between 100 and 20,000 delta-sigma ADCs, each of the CMUTs directly electrically coupled to one of the delta-sigma ADCs. The CMUTs and the delta-sigma ADCs may be monolithically integrated on a single substrate. The delta-sigma ADCs may lack an integrator distinct from the CMUT. An internal capacitance of the CMUT may serve as an integrator for the delta-sigma ADC.
Abstract:
Ultrasound devices configured to perform high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are described. An ultrasound device may include HIFU units configured to emit high acoustic intensities and elasticity detectors configured to determine characteristics of the target area of a human body based on the elasticity of the target area. The elasticity detectors may determine, e.g., whether the target area is healthy, and if not, the type cell in need of treatment (e.g., the type of cancer cell present in the target area). In one example, the elasticity detectors may be configured to determine the stiffness of the target area, which may provide an indication as to the type of cell present in the area, by estimating the velocity of a shear wave propagating away from the target area. The shear wave may arise in response to the application of an ultrasound wave to the target area.
Abstract:
An ultrasound device is describe in which analog ultrasonic transducer output signal are directly converted to digital signals. The ultrasound device includes microfabricated ultrasonic transducers directly coupled to a sigma delta analog-to-digital converter in some instances. The direct digital conversion may allow for omission of undesirable analog processing stages in the ultrasound circuitry chain. In some situations, the ADC may be integrated on the same substrate as the ultrasound transducer.
Abstract:
An ultrasound circuit comprising a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) with built-in time gain compensation functionality is described. The TIA is coupled to an ultrasonic transducer to amplify an electrical signal generated by the ultrasonic transducer in response to receiving an ultrasound signal. The TIA is, in some cases, followed by further analog and digital processing circuitry.
Abstract:
Circuitry for ultrasound devices is described. A multilevel pulser is described, which can provide bipolar pulses of multiple levels. The multilevel pulser includes a pulsing circuit and pulser and feedback circuit. Symmetric switches are also described. The symmetric switches can be positioned as inputs to ultrasound receiving circuitry to block signals from the receiving circuitry.