公开(公告)号：WO1991002196A1

公开(公告)日：1991-02-21

申请号：PCT/US1989004167

申请日：1989-09-25

Applicant: CATERPILLAR INC.

Inventor： CATERPILLAR INC. ,  SHAFER, Scott, F. ,  TOWE, Carey, A.

IPC: F23Q07/00

CPC classification number: F23Q7/001

Abstract: An improved mechanical joint structure (10, 10') is provided and adapted for positively retaining a heating element within a bore of a body of a glow plug. The glow plug (14, 14') includes a body (18, 18'), a heating element (22) and a ferrule (26, 26'). The ferrule (26, 26') is sealingly positioned radially between an internal surface (42) of the body bore (34) and a peripheral surface (58) of the heating element (22). The glow plug (14, 14') further includes a compressing structure (30) for positively compressing an internal surface (74) of the ferrule (26, 26') against the peripheral surface (58) of the heating element (22) in response to the heating element (22) being forced into the body bore (34) by, for example, the gas pressure developed in an operating engine combustion chamber. Unlike conventional brazed or interference joints used in typical glow plugs, the present invention provides a normal force (Fn), for sealing the heating element, and an axially-directed frictional force (Ff), for retaining the heating element, which both increase as the heating element is forced deeper into the body bore (34).

公开(公告)号：WO1991018244A1

公开(公告)日：1991-11-28

申请号：PCT/US1990004751

申请日：1990-08-23

Applicant: CATERPILLAR INC.

Inventor： CATERPILLAR INC. ,  BAILEY, John, M. ,  TOWE, Carey, A. ,  SHAFER, Scott, F. ,  BLANCO, Michael, M.

IPC: F23Q07/00

CPC classification number: F23Q7/001

Abstract: The service life of conventional glow plugs is extremely short when they are continuously energized at an elevated temperature during engine operation in order to assist ignition of non-autoignitable fuels. Such glow plugs typically fail due to thermal stresses and/or oxidation and corrosion. Herein is disclosed an improved heating element assembly (10, 10', 10'') adapted for incorporation in a glow plug. The heating element assembly (10, 10', 10'') includes a monolithic sheath (24) having a relatively-thin and generally annular wall (30) defining a blind bore (34). The heating element assembly (10) further includes a heating device (26, 26', 26'') positioned in the blind bore (34) and adapted to emit heat, and a heat transfer device (28) adapted to transfer heat from the heating means (26) to the sheath (24). The heating device includes a heating filament (42, 42') and a ceramic insulator (40, 40', 40''). The heating filament (42, 42') is protected against oxidation by being encapsulated in the insulator (40, 40', 40''). The insulator is protected against corrosion by being encapsulated in the sheath (24). The sheath (24) is formed of a preselected material which is chosen and configured so as to minimize failure of the heating element assembly (10, 10', 10'') caused by thermal stresses, oxidation and/or corrosion.

公开(公告)号：WO1992006511A1

公开(公告)日：1992-04-16

申请号：PCT/US1990006535

申请日：1990-11-13

Applicant: CATERPILLAR INC.

Inventor： CATERPILLAR INC. ,  DAM, Chuong, Q. ,  HESTER, Virgil, R. ,  KELLEY, Kurtis, C. ,  TOWE, Carey, A.

IPC: H01L41/08

CPC classification number: H01L41/0471 ,  H01L41/0472 ,  H01L41/0475 ,  H01L41/0833

Abstract: A piezoelectric solid state motor stack (200) having a plurality of piezoelectric disks (210, 208, 206, 202) interleaved with a plurality of electrodes (204), with at least one first piezoelectric disk (210) of a first thickness sandwiched between at least two second piezoelectric disks (208) of a second thickness, the second thickness being different from the first thickness. The structure includes at least two electrodes (204), each electrode being interleaved with at least two of the plurality of disks, such that each electrode is in contact with a surface of at least one of the plurality of disks. The electrodes are connected to and biased by a source of electrical potential to produce an axial displacement between opposite end surfaces of the stack. The stack may include four different disk thicknesses, with the thickest disks (202) sandwiching decreasingly thinner disks (206, 208, 210) and further electrodes. The order and thickness of the disks may be symmetric about a center axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the stack.

Abstract translation: 一种压电固态电动机堆叠（200），具有与多个电极（204）交错的多个压电盘（210,208,206,202），其中至少一个第一厚度的第一压电盘（210）被夹在 至少两个第二厚度的第二压电盘（208），第二厚度不同于第一厚度。 该结构包括至少两个电极（204），每个电极与多个磁盘中的至少两个磁盘交错，使得每个电极与多个磁盘中的至少一个磁盘的表面接触。 电极连接到电位源并由电位偏置，以产生堆叠的相对端表面之间的轴向位移。 堆叠可以包括四个不同的盘厚度，其中最厚的盘（202）夹持越来越薄的盘（206,208,210）和另外的电极。 盘的顺序和厚度可以关于垂直于堆的纵轴的中心轴对称。

公开(公告)号：WO1992006512A1

公开(公告)日：1992-04-16

申请号：PCT/US1990006537

申请日：1990-11-13

Applicant: CATERPILLAR INC.

Inventor： CATERPILLAR INC. ,  DAM, Chuong, Q. ,  HESTER, Virgil, R. ,  KELLEY, Kurtis, C. ,  TOWE, Carey, A.

IPC: H01L41/24

CPC classification number: H01L41/277 ,  H01L41/083 ,  Y10T29/42

Abstract: A method for making piezoelectric solid state motor stack disks. The method includes the steps of preparing a piezoelectric ceramic powder (102); preparing a substantially cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic slug from the powder (104); and cutting the slug with an ID saw into disks of a predetermined thickness (106). The method further includes pressing (304) the powder in a press at a pressure of between about 1500 psi and 6000 psi and firing (308) the slug at a temperature of between about 1250 °C and 1350 °C for a period of between about 15 min. and 4 hours. The method also comprises the steps of cleaning (406) the ceramic disks after slicing; and applying a conductive layer (412) to a portion of facets of the disks prior to the assembly step (506).

公开(公告)号：WO1991018245A1

公开(公告)日：1991-11-28

申请号：PCT/US1990004754

申请日：1990-08-23

Applicant: CATERPILLAR INC.

Inventor： CATERPILLAR INC. ,  TOWE, Carey, A. ,  BAILEY, John, M. ,  SHAFER, Scott, F. ,  BLANCO, Michael, M.

IPC: F23Q07/00

CPC classification number: F23Q7/001

Abstract: The service life of conventional glow plugs is extremely short when they are continuously energized at an elevated temperature during engine operation in order to assist ignition of non-autoignitable fuels. Such glow plugs typically fail due to thermal stresses and/or oxidation and corrosion. Herein is disclosed an improved heating element assembly (10, 10', 10'') adapted for incorporation in a glow plug (12). The heating element assembly (10, 10', 10'') includes a monolithic sheath (24) having a relatively-thin and generally annular wall (30) defining a blind bore (34). The heating element assembly (10, 10', 10'') further includes a heating device (26, 26', 26'') positioned in the blind bore (34) and adapted to emit heat, and a heat transfer device (28) adapted to transfer heat from the heating means (26, 26', 26'') to the sheath (24). The heating device (26, 26', 26'') is protected by the sheath (24) formed of a preselected material which is chosen and configured so as to minimize failure of the heating element assembly (10, 10', 10'') caused by thermal stresses, oxidation and/or corrosion.

公开(公告)号：EP0436647A1

公开(公告)日：1991-07-17

申请号：EP89911515.0

申请日：1989-09-25

Applicant: CATERPILLAR INC.

Inventor： SHAFER, Scott, F. ,  TOWE, Carey, A.

IPC: F23Q7

CPC classification number: F23Q7/001

Abstract: L'invention concerne une structure de joint mécanique amélioré (10, 10') adapté pour retenir directement un élément chauffant à l'intérieur d'un alésage d'un corps d'une bougie de préchauffage. Ladite bougie de préchauffage (14, 14') comprend un corps (18, 18'), un élément chauffant (22) ainsi qu'une virole (26, 26'). Ladite virole (26, 26') est positionnée de manière étanche radialement entre une surface intérieure (42) de l'alésage du corps (34), et une surface périphérique (58) dudit élément chauffant (22). Ladite bougie de préchauffage (14, 14') comprend en outre une structure de compression (30) destinée à comprimer directement une surface intérieure (74) de ladite virole (26, 26') contre la surface périphérique (58) dudit élément chauffant (22) lorsque ce dernier (22) est forcé à pénétrer dans l'alésage du corps (34) par, par exemple, la pression du gaz développée dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur en fonctionnement. A la différence des joints brasés ou d'interférence classiques utilisés dans des bougies de préchauffage habituelle, l'invention prévoit une force normale (Fn) afin de sceller ledit élément chauffant, ainsi qu'une force de frottement (Ff) orientée axialement et destinée à retenir ledit élément chauffant, lesquelles augmentent l'une et l'autre à mesure que ledit élément chauffant est introduit plus profondément dans l'alésage du corps (34).

公开(公告)号：EP0528793B1

公开(公告)日：1994-04-13

申请号：EP90916890.8

申请日：1990-08-23

Applicant: CATERPILLAR INC.

Inventor： BAILEY, John, M. ,  TOWE, Carey, A. ,  SHAFER, Scott, F. ,  BLANCO, Michael, M.

IPC: F23Q7/00

CPC classification number: F23Q7/001

Abstract: The service life of conventional glow plugs is extremely short when they are continuously energized at an elevated temperature during engine operation in order to assist ignition of non-autoignitable fuels. Such glow plugs typically fail due to thermal stresses and/or oxidation and corrosion. Herein is disclosed an improved heating element assembly (10, 10', 10'') adapted for incorporation in a glow plug. The heating element assembly (10, 10', 10'') includes a monolithic sheath (24) having a relatively-thin and generally annular wall (30) defining a blind bore (34). The heating element assembly (10) further includes a heating device (26, 26', 26'') positioned in the blind bore (34) and adapted to emit heat, and a heat transfer device (28) adapted to transfer heat from the heating means (26) to the sheath (24). The heating device includes a heating filament (42, 42') and a ceramic insulator (40, 40', 40''). The heating filament (42, 42') is protected against oxidation by being encapsulated in the insulator (40, 40', 40''). The insulator is protected against corrosion by being encapsulated in the sheath (24). The sheath (24) is formed of a preselected material which is chosen and configured so as to minimize failure of the heating element assembly (10, 10', 10'') caused by thermal stresses, oxidation and/or corrosion.

公开(公告)号：EP0550435A1

公开(公告)日：1993-07-14

申请号：EP90916897.0

申请日：1990-11-13

Applicant: CATERPILLAR INC.

Inventor： DAM, Chuong, Q. ,  HESTER, Virgil, R. Rural Route 3 ,  KELLEY, Kurtis, C. ,  TOWE, Carey, A.

IPC: H01L41 ,  H02N2

CPC classification number: H01L41/0471 ,  H01L41/0472 ,  H01L41/0475 ,  H01L41/0833

Abstract: Bloc de moteur monolithe piézoélectrique (200) comprenant une pluralité de disques piézoélectriques (210, 208, 206, 202) intercalés avec une pluralité d'électrodes (204), dans lequel au moins un premier disque piézoélectrique (210) ayant une première épaisseur est disposé entre au moins deux seconds disques piézoélectriques (208) ayant une deuxième épaisseur qui diffère de la première épaisseur. Ladite structure comprend au moins deux électrodes (204) qui sont chacune intercalées avec au moins deux des disques de sorte que chaque électrode se trouve en contact avec une surface d'au moins un des disques. Les électrodes sont connectées à une source de potentiel électrique et polarisées par cette dernière pour produire un déplacement axial entre les surfaces d'extrémités opposées du bloc. En outre, le bloc peut comporter quatre épaisseurs de disques différentes, dans ce cas les disques les plus épais (202) prennent en sandwich par ordre décroissant les disques les plus minces (206, 208, 210) et les autres électrodes. La disposition et l'épaisseur des disques peuvent être symétriques par rapport à un axe central perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du bloc.

公开(公告)号：EP0550435B1

公开(公告)日：1996-09-18

申请号：EP90916897.3

申请日：1990-11-13

Applicant: CATERPILLAR INC.

Inventor： DAM, Chuong, Q. ,  HESTER, Virgil, R. Rural Route 3 ,  KELLEY, Kurtis, C. ,  TOWE, Carey, A.

IPC: H01L41/08

CPC classification number: H01L41/0471 ,  H01L41/0472 ,  H01L41/0475 ,  H01L41/0833

Abstract: A piezoelectric solid state motor stack (200) having a plurality of piezoelectric disks (210, 208, 206, 202) interleaved with a plurality of electrodes (204), with at least one first piezoelectric disk (210) of a first thickness sandwiched between at least two second piezoelectric disks (208) of a second thickness, the second thickness being different from the first thickness. The structure includes at least two electrodes (204), each electrode being interleaved with at least two of the plurality of disks, such that each electrode is in contact with a surface of at least one of the plurality of disks. The electrodes are connected to and biased by a source of electrical potential to produce an axial displacement between opposite end surfaces of the stack. The stack may include four different disk thicknesses, with the thickest disks (202) sandwiching decreasingly thinner disks (206, 208, 210) and further electrodes. The order and thickness of the disks may be symmetric about a center axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the stack.

公开(公告)号：EP0528793A1

公开(公告)日：1993-03-03

申请号：EP90916890.0

申请日：1990-08-23

Applicant: CATERPILLAR INC.

Inventor： BAILEY, John, M. ,  TOWE, Carey, A. ,  SHAFER, Scott, F. ,  BLANCO, Michael, M.

IPC: F23Q7

CPC classification number: F23Q7/001

Abstract: La durabilité de bougies de réchauffage classiques est extrêmement courte lorsqu'elles sont continuellement excitées à une température élevée au cours du fonctionnement du moteur afin d'aider à l'allumage des carburants non auto-allumants. De telles bougies de réchauffage défaillent typiquement en raison de contraintes thermiques et/ou de l'oxydation et la corrosion. On décrit ici un ensemble élément de chauffage amélioré (10, 10', 10'') conçu pour être incorporé dans une bougie de réchauffage. L'ensemble élément de chauffage (10, 10', 10'') comprend une gaine monolithe (24) pourvue d'une paroi relativement mince et généralement annulaire qui définit une cavité borgne (34). L'ensemble élément de chauffage (10) comprend en outre un dispositif chauffant (26, 26', 26'') situé dans la cavité borgne (34) et conçu pour émettre de la chaleur, et un dispositif de transfert de chaleur (28) conçu pour transférer la chaleur de l'élément de chauffage (26) à la gaine (24). Le dispositif chauffant comprend un filament chauffant (42, 42') et un isolateur céramique (40, 40', 40''). Le filament chauffant est protégé contre la corrosion en étant enveloppé par l'isolateur (40, 40', 40''). L'isolateur est protégé contre la corrosion en étant enveloppé par la gaine (24). Celle-ci (24) est fabriquée à partir d'un matériau présélectionné qui est choisi et formé de manière à réduire la possibilité de défaillance de l'ensemble élément chauffant (10, 10', 10'') due à des contraintes thermiques, l'oxydation et/ou la corrosion.