Abstract:
Grids (30) and collimators, for use with electromagnetic energy emitting devices (61), include at least a metal layer that is formed, for example, by electroplating/electroforming or casting. The metal layer includes top and bottom surfaces, and a plurality of solid integrated walls (32). Each of the solid integrated walls extends from the top to bottom surface and has a plurality of side surfaces. The side surfaces of the solid integrated walls are arranged to define a plurality of openings (31) extending entirely throu gh the layer. At least some of the walls (32) also can include projections extending into the respective openings formed by the walls (32). The projections can be of various shapes and sizes, and are arranged so that a total amount of wall material intersected by a line propagating in a directi on along an edge of the grid (30) is substantially the same as another total amount of wall material intersected by another line propagating in another direction substantially parallel to the edge of the grid (30) at any distanc e from the edge. Methods to fabricate these grids (30) using copper, lead, nickel, gold, any other electroplating/electroforming materials or low melti ng temperature metals are described.
Abstract:
Methods to fabricate high aspect ratio powder composite microstructures is provided by filling a molding composition containing a powdered material and a binder into a patterned mold, and releasing the cured composite microstructures from the mold. An alternate method is by filling a mix of powdered dense metals and low-melt alloys into a patterned mold, and releasing the melted and solidified composite microstructures from the mold. The mold is derived from lithographically defined parent mold. One example of the application is in the field of x-ray anti-scatter grids and nuclear collimators.
Abstract:
Grids (30) and collimators, for use with electromagnetic energy emitting devices (61), include at least a metal layer that is formed, for example, by electroplating/electroforming or casting. The metal layer includes top and bottom surfaces, and a plurality of solid integrated walls (32). Each of the solid integrated walls extends from the top to bottom surface and has a plurality of side surfaces. The side surfaces of the solid integrated walls are arranged to define a plurality of openings (31) extending entirely through the layer. At least some of the walls (32) also can include projections extending into the respective openings formed by the walls (32). The projections can be of various shapes and sizes, and are arranged so that a total amount of wall material intersected by a line propagating in a direction along an edge of the grid (30) is substantially the same as another total amount of wall material intersected by another line propagating in another direction substantially parallel to the edge of the grid (30) at any distance from the edge. Methods to fabricate these grids (30) using copper, lead, nickel, gold, any other electroplating/electroforming materials or low melting temperature metals are described.
Abstract:
Methods to fabricate high aspect ratio powder composite microstructures is provided by filling a molding composition containing a powdered material and a binder into a patterned mold, and releasing the cured composite microstructures from the mold. An alternate method is by filling a mix of powdered dense metals and low-melt alloys into a patterned mold, and releasing the melted and solidified composite microstructures from the mold. The mold is derived from lithographically defined parent mold. One example of the application is in the field of x-ray anti-scatter grids and nuclear collimators.
Abstract:
A new sensitive cell biomarker of solid tumors is identified in blood. This biomarker can be used to determine presence of carcinomas, rapid determination of treatment response, early detection of cancer, early detection of cancer recurrence, and may be used to determine therapy.
Abstract:
A new sensitive cell biomarker of solid tumors is identified in blood. This biomarker can be used to determine presence of carcinomas, rapid determination of treatment response, early detection of cancer, early detection of cancer recurrence, and may be used to determine therapy.
Abstract:
Grids (30) and collimators, for use with electromagnetic energy emitting devices (61), include at least a metal layer that is formed, for example, by electroplating/electroforming or casting. The metal layer includes top and bottom surfaces, and a plurality of solid integrated walls (32). Each of the solid integrated walls extends from the top to bottom surface and has a plurality of side surfaces. The side surfaces of the solid integrated walls are arranged to define a plurality of openings (31) extending entirely through the layer. At least some of the walls (32) also can include projections extending into the respective openings formed by the walls (32). The projections can be of various shapes and sizes, and are arranged so that a total amount of wall material intersected by a line propagating in a direction along an edge of the grid (30) is substantially the same as another total amount of wall material intersected by another line propagating in another direction substantially parallel to the edge of the grid (30) at any distance from the edge. Methods to fabricate these grids (30) using copper, lead, nickel, gold, any other electroplating/electroforming materials or low melting temperature metals are described.