Abstract:
This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/311,416, STRUCTURED CATALYTIC NANOPARTICLES AND METHOD OF PREPARATION, filed March 8, 2010. This application is also related to: PCT/US07/077545, METHOD OF PREPARING CERIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES, and PCT/US07/077535, CERIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLE- CONTAINING FUEL ADDITIVE, both filed September 4, 2007; which applications claim the benefit of priority from: Provisional Application Serial No. 60/824,514, CERIUM-CONTAINING FUEL ADDITIVE, filed September 5, 2006; Provisional Application Serial No. 60/911,159, REVERSE MICELLAR FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITION, filed April 11, 2007; and Provisional Application Serial No. 60/938,314, REVERSE MICELLAR FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITION, filed May 16, 2007. This application is also related to: US2010/0242342, CERIUM-CONTAINING NANOPARTICLES, filed May 13, 2010; and US2010/0152077, PROCESS FOR SOLVENT SHIFTING A NANOPARTICLE DISPERSION, filed August 28, 2009; both applications of which claim the benefit of priority from PCT/US2008/087133, FUEL ADDITIVE CONTAINING LATTICE ENGINEERED CERIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES, filed December 17, 2008. The disclosures of all of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.
Abstract:
A process for making cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles includes providing an aqueous reaction mixture containing a source of cerous ion, optionally a source of one or more metal ions (M) other than cerium, a source of hydroxide ion, at least one monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizer wherein the molar ratio of said monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizers to total metal ions is greater than 0.2, and an oxidant at an initial temperature in the range of about 20°C to about 95°C. Temperature conditions are provided effective to enable oxidation of cerous ion to ceric ion, thereby forming a product dispersion of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles, optionally containing one or more metal ions (M), Ce 1-x M x O 2-δ , wherein "x" has a value from about 0.0 to about 0.95. The nanoparticles may have a mean hydrodynamic diameter from about 1 nm to about 50 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 45 nm.
Abstract:
A process for making cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles includes providing an aqueous reaction mixture containing a source of cerous ion, optionally a source of one or more metal ions (M) other than cerium, a source of hydroxide ion, at least one monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizer wherein the molar ratio of said monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizers to total metal ions is greater than 0.2, and an oxidant at an initial temperature in the range of about 20°C to about 95°C. Temperature conditions are provided effective to enable oxidation of cerous ion to ceric ion, thereby forming a product dispersion of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles, optionally containing one or more metal ions (M), Ce 1-x M x O 2-δ , wherein "x" has a value from about 0.0 to about 0.95. The nanoparticles may have a mean hydrodynamic diameter from about 1 nm to about 50 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 45 nm.
Abstract:
A method for forming a structured doped cerium oxide nanoparticle including the steps of forming a first aqueous cerium(lll) reaction mixture, with optional metal/s other than cerium, a base, and a stabilizer; introducing an oxidant to singly oxidize cerium (III), followed by thermal formation of a doped cerium oxide nanoparticle core; then providing a second reaction mixture of one or more metal ions other than cerium, and optionally cerium (III) ions and sufficient cerium (III) oxidant, followed by thermally converting the mixture into a shell around the doped cerium oxide nanoparticle core, wherein the ratio of metal ions in the core differs from the ratio of metal ions in the shell. The disclosed structured doped cerium oxide nanoparticle may exhibit cubic fluorite crystal structure and possess a diameter in the range 1 nm-20 nm. A dispersion of the developed nanoparticle may be used as a fuel additive.