Abstract:
Cellulose is bleached with reduced use of chlorine at atmospheric pressure in a plural step process using as the only bleaching agents chlorine dioxide and a per compound, which process begins and ends with per compound steps and has alternating per compound and chlorine dioxide steps.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for the preparation of cellulose fibres from pine, which are of the mediumviscosity to high-viscosity type, wherein the cellulose fibres obtained from pulping pine in sulphite cookers are treated, when required with a quantity of chlorine, which corresponds to between 0.01 and 20% by weight of the quantity of chlorine used in classical bleaching procedures applied to sulphite process cellulose fibres from pine, and/or wherein said cellulose fibres from pine, which have not been delignified further or only to a very limited extent in this treatment with chlorine, are pretreated, when required in an acidic medium, whereupon said cellulose fibres from pine are refined with alkali at an elevated temperature, and thereafter delignified in an alkaline, aqueous medium with peroxide compounds, and then bleached by applying conventional single-stage or multi-stage bleaching procedures.
Abstract:
The bleaching sequences of the multiple-stage process begin with an alkaline peroxide digestion. In particular, for the bleaching of hard wood pulps, a partial chlorination and extraction stage can follow the alkaline peroxide digestion or a partial chlorination can be carried out before the alkaline peroxide digestion. For the partial chlorination and extraction stages, only about 20% of the amount of chlorine previously used or 50% of the amount of alkali previously used is required. The bleaching liquors and bleaching waste water produced from the first stage, or, when partial chlorination is used before the peroxide digestion, from the first two stages, can be fed directly to a regeneration plant, by-passing the outfall. The process can be carried out at normal atmospheric pressure on the conventional devices, and in the peroxide bleaching stages, no water glass is required.
Abstract:
The present invention provides in a multistage process for fully bleaching a pulp using a minimum of chlorine, the improvement in which the first stage comprises an alkaline peroxide bleach hydrolysis in which stage the pulp is bleached with a content of alkali of 0.5 to 3% by weight, calculated as a 100% substance and relative to absolutely dry pulp, and at a temperature of the bleaching liquor of at least 65.degree.C.
Abstract:
Cellulose is bleached with reduced use of chlorine at atmospheric pressure in a plural step process using as the only bleaching agents chlorine dioxide and a per compound, which process begins and ends with per compound steps and has alternating per compound and chlorine dioxide steps.