Abstract:
A method of poling a ferroelectric sample (2a) suitable for use in a fuel injector (5) of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising providing a ferroelectric sample (2a) having a stack of ferroelectric layers (4), wherein adjacent layers (4) are separated by internal electrodes (6a, 6b), forming a first group (6a) and a second group (6b) of electrodes; applying a multiaxial pressure to the ferroelectric sample; reducing the bonding strength between each pair of adjacent ferroelectric layers and internal electrodes; and generating a first electric field between the first (6a) and second (6b) group of electrodes to pole each ferroelectric layer (4) in a first poling direction.
Abstract:
The invention concerns an encapsulated actuator as well as a method of encapsulating an actuator/stack in an encapsulation member, which comprising at least an innermost heat shrinkable, polymeric sleeve member and an overlaying outermost, heat shrinkable, polymeric sleeve member. The sleeve members have each a different shrinkage temperature, wherein the shrinkage temperature of the outermost sleeve member is higher than the shrinkage temperature of the innermost sleeve member. The method comprising essentially the following steps: a. Arranging the stack inside the innermost sleeve member, b. Arranging the outermost sleeve member so as to overlay the innermost sleeve member(s), c. Placing the stack under vacuum so as to degas it, d. Heating the stack above the shrinkage temperature of the outermost sleeve member so as to shrink the outermost sleeve member, e. Placing the stack under atmospheric pressure f. Cooling the stack.
Abstract:
A method of poling a ferroelectric sample (2a) suitable for use in a fuel injector (5) of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising providing a ferroelectric sample (2a) having a stack of ferroelectric layers (4), wherein adjacent layers (4) are separated by internal electrodes (6a, 6b), forming a first group (6a) and a second group (6b) of electrodes; applying a multiaxial pressure to the ferroelectric sample; reducing the bonding strength between each pair of adjacent ferroelectric layers and internal electrodes; and generating a first electric field between the first (6a) and second (6b) group of electrodes to pole each ferroelectric layer (4) in a first poling direction.