Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for the preparation of polymers with pendant cyclic carbonate functionality, synthesized via the free radical copolymerization of vinyl ethylene carbonate (4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, VEC) with other unsaturated monomers. Both solution and emulsion free radical processes may be used.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a composition comprising a polymer having dispersed therein at least one layered clay material which has been cation exchanged with an organic cation salts represented by Formula (I) wherein M represents either nitrogen or phosphorous; X represents an anion selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxide, or acetate anions, preferably chloride and bromide; R1 is selected from the group consisting of straight and branched alkyl groups having at least 8 carbon atoms; R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from straight or branched alkyl groups having 1 to four carbon atoms; and at least one expanding agent which is compatible with said polymer. Preferred polymers include polyesters. The compositions of the present invention show vastly improved platelet separation as evidenced by higher than previously reported basal spacing.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to polyester-platelet particle composite comprising at least one polyester having dispersed therein a platelet particle dispersion comprising about 0.01 to about 25 weight percent platelet particles and at least one water dissipatible polymer in a concentration which is at least about 1 part water dissipatible polymer to 1 part said polyester, wherein said platelet particles primarily comprise individual platelet particles and tactoids. The composites of the present invention are prepared by dispersing at least one clay material in a water dissipatible polymer to form a platelet particle dispersion; introducing said platelet particle dispersion to a polyester and extrusion mixing said dispersion and polyester.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the preparation of alpha , beta -unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters thereof which comprises contacting formaldehyde or a source of formaldehyde with a carboxylic acid, ester or anhydride in the presence of a catalyst comprising an oxide of niobium.
Abstract:
A digital recording medium, such as a compact disc (10), having a substrate (12), a reflective layer (14) and a protective layer (16) includes a near infrared fluorophore in one of the layers. The near infrared fluorophore can be incorporated into the CD (10) by coating, admixing, blending, or copolymerization and in an amount to impart a detectable fluorescence from the fluorophore when exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength ranging from about 670 nanometers (nm) to about 1100 nm. A method of marking a CD (10) with an invisible marking and an apparatus for detecting the fluorophore is further provided.
Abstract:
A method for rupturing microalgae in an aqueous suspension is disclosed. In one embodiment the aqueous suspension is passed through a constriction into a liquid phase at a pressure sufficient to rupture the cells by circulating the aqueous suspension through a constriction in a pump loop at a pressure and a percent recycle sufficient to rupture the cells. Cells of the alga Dunaliella salina can be ruptured by the method of the invention to promote froth flotation and mechanical filtration of the cells for recovering of mixed carotenoids.
Abstract:
A method for deep bed filtration of microalgae in aqueous suspension for the purpose of dewatering the algae is disclosed. The cells are ruptured prior to filtration. The aqueous suspension is then contacted with the deep bed filtration media and collected in the media. The algae may be recovered from the media by backwashing with the liquid selected from the group consisting of water, brine, and one or more organic solvents, including natural flavorants, synthetic flavorants, and edible oils.
Abstract:
This invention relates to polymer molding composition, containing: (a) a first polymer, including a polyester, a polycarbonate, or a mixture thereof; (b) a second polymer including at least one first alpha -olefin, at least one first alkyl acrylate, and at least one unsaturated epoxide; and (c) a third polymer including at least one second alpha -olefin and at least one second alkyl acrylate. The invention further relates to a thermoplastically-formed article prepared from the polymer molding compositions described above.
Abstract:
This invention pertains to accelerating the rate of formation of 1,1-dicarboxylic esters from the reaction of an aldehyde with a carboxylic acid anhydride or a ketene in the presence of a non-iodide containing a strong Bronsted acid catalyst by the addition of a carboxylic acid at one bar (100 kPa) pressure and between 0 and 80 DEG C in the substantial absence of a hydrogenation or carbonylation catalyst.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to a functional latex polymer composition resistant to hydrolysis which contains a vinyl polymer of copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers where at least one monomer contains at least one hydrolyzable functional group. The combined oxygen and nitrogen content of the vinyl polymer is up to about 27 wt.%, based on the monomers in the vinyl polymer.