公开(公告)号：WO1984002990A2

公开(公告)日：1984-08-02

申请号：PCT/US1984000117

申请日：1984-01-25

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ZWIRN, Robert

IPC: G06F15/20

CPC classification number: H04N5/208

Abstract: The resolution is enhanced first by effectively decreasing the scan angle subtended between adjacent samples significantly below that of the Rayleigh limit to obtain an image blurred by the point spread function (or diffraction pattern) of the aperture. The next step is to process this blurred image at least to partially remove the blur. The unblurring process consists of correlating each small segment of the blurred image with blurred images of preconstructed image primitives and then synthesizing a new image comprising a mosaic of spatially correlated original (unblurred ) primitives. The blurred images of the primitives are obtained from a complete set of image primitives comprising, ideally, all possible unblurred primitive shapes. These primitives are then blurred by convolution with the point spread function of the aperture of the imager.

Abstract translation: 首先通过有效地降低相邻样品之间的扫描角度显着低于瑞利极限，从而获得由孔径的点扩散函数（或衍射图案）模糊的图像，从而增强分辨率。 下一步是处理这个模糊的图像至少部分地去除模糊。 不完整的过程包括将模糊图像的每个小片段与预构图图像原语的模糊图像相关联，然后合成包含空间相关的原始（未修饰）原语的马赛克的新图像。 原始图像的模糊图像从完整的图像原语集合获得，其包括理想地所有可能的未平坦化的原始形状。 然后通过与成像器孔径的点扩散函数的卷积来模糊这些图元。

公开(公告)号：WO1984002989A2

公开(公告)日：1984-08-02

申请号：PCT/US1984000116

申请日：1984-01-25

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ZWIRN, Robert ,  DRAGAVON, Edward, J. ,  SMITHGALL, Brian

IPC: G06F15/20

CPC classification number: H04N5/208

Abstract: The resolution is enhanced by first effectively decreasing the scan angle subtended between adjacent samples significantly below that of the Rayleigh limit to obtain an image blurred by the point spread function (or diffraction pattern) of the aperture. The next step is to process this blurred image to at least partially remove the blur. The unblurring process consists of convolving this finely sampled blurred image with a specially designed convolution mask. This mask effectively outputs an enhanced pixel at each step of the convolution. The mask simultaneously performs the equivalent of the following operations: 1) blur the image again; 2) subtract this reblurred image from the original image to form degradation estimates; and 3) add the estimates of the losses back into the original image.

Abstract translation: 通过首先有效地降低相邻样品之间的扫描角度，显着低于瑞利极限，从而增加分辨率，以获得由孔径的点扩散函数（或衍射图案）模糊的图像。 下一步是处理这个模糊图像，至少部分去除模糊。 不成熟的过程包括将这种精细采样的模糊图像与专门设计的卷积掩模进行卷积。 该掩模在卷积的每个步骤处有效地输出增强像素。 面罩同时执行以下操作的等效：1）再次模糊图像; 2）从原始图像中减去这个重塑图像，形成退化估计; 和3）将损失的估计值添加回原始图像。

公开(公告)号：WO1989006891A1

公开(公告)日：1989-07-27

申请号：PCT/US1988004388

申请日：1988-12-12

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ZWIRN, Robert ,  THOMAS, Michael

IPC: H04N05/232

CPC classification number: G02B7/365 ,  H04N5/23212

Abstract: A demand auto focus system is driven by scene information only. In a scanned video system as the camera is brought into focus the high frequency content of the video signal will increase. The video signal is passed through a band-pass filter and then rectified in a conditional integrator to generate a control signal whose amplitude indicates to the degree of focus. The control signal is stored and later compared to a control signal derived from a subsequent scanning. Once a significant change in control signal levels is detected a drive signal is sent to the focusing device. If after being driven the subsequent scene has less high frequency content, then a drive signal in the opposite polarity or direction is sent to the focusing device. In this manner the scene is toggled toward optimum focus. When rapid toggling occurs a number of times (three for example), control logic detects this condition which is symptomatic of hunting around optimum focus, and the bidirectional focusing mechanism drive is turned off until such time as the scene becomes so defocused as to reinitiate the focusing sequence.

公开(公告)号：WO1990001747A1

公开(公告)日：1990-02-22

申请号：PCT/US1989002876

申请日：1989-07-03

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ZWIRN, Robert

IPC: G06F15/70

CPC classification number: G06T7/0002 ,  H04N5/33 ,  H04N5/3655 ,  H04N17/002

Abstract: An automated system for testing imaging sensors (10) is disclosed. The automated system (10) provides an accurate and repeatable method for testing imaging sensors. The automated system (10) includes an input circuit (20) for receiving input from an imaging sensor system and providing a signal in response thereto, a processor (30) for operating on said signal and generating data therefrom, and a computer (40) for providing ouput in response to the data. A specific teaching of the invention includes a method for obtaining data for the lookup and calculating addresses for the data wherein the addresses are a function of the signal and noise components of the imaging sensor system output, while the data relates to actual responses of human observers.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于测试成像传感器（10）的自动化系统。 自动化系统（10）提供了一种用于测试成像传感器的精确和可重复的方法。 自动化系统（10）包括输入电路（20），用于接收来自成像传感器系统的输入并提供响应于此的信号，用于对所述信号进行操作并从其生成数据的处理器（30）以及计算机（40） 用于提供响应数据的输出。 本发明的具体教导包括一种用于获取用于查找和计算数据的地址的数据的方法，其中地址是成像传感器系统输出的信号和噪声分量的函数，而数据与人类观察者的实际响应有关 。

公开(公告)号：WO1989011196A1

公开(公告)日：1989-11-16

申请号：PCT/US1989001251

申请日：1989-03-27

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ZWIRN, Robert ,  RAFANELLI, Gerard, L.

IPC: H04N05/232

CPC classification number: G06T5/20 ,  H04N5/208 ,  H04N5/23212

Abstract: An electronic focus correction system is provided. The invention (10) is adapted to correct focus aberrations in an electronic imaging system which provides electrical signals representative of a scene of image data. The invention includes first means (12) for providing sets of weighting coefficients and second means (18) for multiplying the input electrical signals corresponding to a window in and around each pixel of image data by a set of the weighting coefficients. The second means assign to each pixel a value equal to the sum of the products of the coefficients times the electrical signals within each window to provide a plurality of weighted output signals. The output signals constitute a corrected image. Third means (20) responsive to the output of the second means are provided to measure the figure of merit for the corrected image. Fourth means (108) responsive to the output of the third means are included for providing control signals to select an alternate set of coefficients for multiplication with the input signals to thereby provide a corrected image with an optimized figure of merit. In a more specific embodiment, model adjustment means (112) are included for changing the power spectral density of the corrected image.

公开(公告)号：WO1987001893A1

公开(公告)日：1987-03-26

申请号：PCT/US1986001539

申请日：1986-07-28

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ZWIRN, Robert

IPC: H04N05/217

CPC classification number: H04N5/357

Abstract: A video signal processing technique for detection and correction of the video signal from a bad video channel is disclosed for use with a video imaging system having a plurality of video channels for providing a video signal for a plurality of video scan lines. A disclosed embodiment is a bad channel detection and correction circuit (10) which includes circuitry (11, 13) responsive to a video signal for providing a difference signal indicative of the difference between a first scan line video signal and a second scan line video signal; a first histogram circuit (20, 60) responsive to the difference signal for generating difference histogram data indicative of the number of occurences of different values of the difference signal; a second histogram circuit (30, 60) responsive to the first scan line video signal for providing video histogram data indicative of the number of occurences of different values of the first scan line video signal; means for analyzing the difference histogram data and the video histogram data for providing a decision output indicative of whether the second scan line video signal is from a bad video channel (40, 29, 31, 70); and output circuitry (15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27) responsive to the analyzing means for providing a delayed output signal corresponding to (a) the second scan line video signal when the decision output indicates both lines are from good video channels, or (b) a substituted value for the second scan line video signal when the decision output signal indicates that the second scan line video signal is from a bad channel.

公开(公告)号：EP0135578B1

公开(公告)日：1987-09-02

申请号：EP84901129.1

申请日：1984-01-25

Applicant: Hughes Aircraft Company

Inventor： ZWIRN, Robert

IPC: G06F15/20

CPC classification number: H04N5/208

Abstract: The resolution is enhanced first by effectively decreasing the scan angle subtended between adjacent samples significantly below that of the Rayleigh limit to obtain an image blurred by the point spread function (or diffraction pattern) of the aperture. The next step is to process this blurred image at least to partially remove the blur. The unblurring process consists of correlating each small segment of the blurred image with blurred images of preconstructed image primitives and then synthesizing a new image comprising a mosaic of spatially correlated original (unblurred ) primitives. The blurred images of the primitives are obtained from a complete set of image primitives comprising, ideally, all possible unblurred primitive shapes. These primitives are then blurred by convolution with the point spread function of the aperture of the imager.

公开(公告)号：EP0134244A1

公开(公告)日：1985-03-20

申请号：EP84901030.0

申请日：1984-01-25

Applicant: Hughes Aircraft Company

Inventor： ZWIRN, Robert ,  DRAGAVON, Edward, J. ,  SMITHGALL, Brian

IPC: G06F ,  H04N ,  H04N7 ,  G06T1 ,  G06T5 ,  H04N5

CPC classification number: H04N5/208

Abstract: La résolution est améliorée en diminuant tout d'abord l'angle de balayage sous-tendu entre des échantillons adjacents considérablement en dessous de celui de la limite de Rayleigh, de manière à obtenir une image rendue floue par la fonction de diffusion de points (ou motifs de diffraction) de l'ouverture. L'étape suivante consiste à traiter cette image floue de manière à enlever au moins partiellement le flou. Le procédé d'élimination du flou consiste à obtenir une convolution de cette image floue échantillonnée à l'aide d'un masque de convolution spécialement conçu. Le masque produit un "pixel" (élément d'image) amélioré à chaque étape de la convolution. Le masque exécute simultanément l'équivalent des opérations suivantes: 1) rendre l'image de nouveau floue; 2) soustraire cette image rendue de nouveau floue de l'image originelle pour obtenir des évaluations de dégradation; et 3) ajouter de nouveau les évaluations des pertes à l'image originelle.

Abstract translation: 在本发明中，分辨率通过首先有效地降低相邻样本之间的扫描角度明显低于瑞利极限，从而获得由孔径的点扩散函数（或衍射图案）模糊的图像，从而增强了分辨率。 下一步是处理这个模糊的图像，至少部分地去除模糊。 不成熟的过程包括将这种精细采样的模糊图像与专门设计的卷积掩模进行卷积。 该掩模在卷积的每个步骤处有效地输出增强像素。 掩模同时执行以下操作的等效：（1）再次模糊图像; （2）从原始图像中减去该图像，形成退化估计; 和（3）将损失的估计加入原始图像。

公开(公告)号：EP0238505B1

公开(公告)日：1990-12-05

申请号：EP86904717.5

申请日：1986-07-28

Applicant: Hughes Aircraft Company

Inventor： ZWIRN, Robert

IPC: H04N5/217

CPC classification number: H04N5/357

Abstract: A video signal processing technique for detection and correction of the video signal from a bad video channel is disclosed for use with a video imaging system having a plurality of video channels for providing a video signal for a plurality of video scan lines. A disclosed embodiment is a bad channel detection and correction circuit (10) which includes circuitry (11, 13) responsive to a video signal for providing a difference signal indicative of the difference between a first scan line video signal and a second scan line video signal; a first histogram circuit (20, 60) responsive to the difference signal for generating difference histogram data indicative of the number of occurences of different values of the difference signal; a second histogram circuit (30, 60) responsive to the first scan line video signal for providing video histogram data indicative of the number of occurences of different values of the first scan line video signal; means for analyzing the difference histogram data and the video histogram data for providing a decision output indicative of whether the second scan line video signal is from a bad video channel (40, 29, 31, 70); and output circuitry (15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27) responsive to the analyzing means for providing a delayed output signal corresponding to (a) the second scan line video signal when the decision output indicates both lines are from good video channels, or (b) a substituted value for the second scan line video signal when the decision output signal indicates that the second scan line video signal is from a bad channel.

公开(公告)号：EP0377697A1

公开(公告)日：1990-07-18

申请号：EP89906220.0

申请日：1989-03-27

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： ZWIRN, Robert ,  RAFANELLI, Gerard, L.

IPC: G02B7 ,  G06T1 ,  G06T5 ,  H04N5

CPC classification number: G06T5/20 ,  H04N5/208 ,  H04N5/23212

Abstract: On a mis au point un système de correction de focalisation électronique. L'invention (10) est adaptée pour corriger les aberrations de focalisation dans un système d'imagerie électronique fournissant des signaux électriques représentatifs d'une scène de données d'images. L'invention comprend un premier moyen (12) fournissant des ensembles de coefficients de pondération, ainsi qu'un second moyen (18) multipliant les signaux électriques d'entrée correspondant à une fenêtre dans et autour de chaque pixel de données d'images par un ensemble de coefficients de pondération. Le second moyen attribue à chaque pixel une valeur égale à la somme des produits des coefficients multipliés par les signaux électriques dans chaque fenêtre afin de produire une pluralité de signaux de sortie pondérés. Les signaux de sortie constituent une image corrigée. On a prévu un troisième moyen (20) réagissant à la sortie du second moyen, pour mesurer la facteur de mérite de l'image corrigée. On a également prévu un quatrième moyen (108) réagissant à la sortie du troisième moyen fournissant des signaux de commande afin de sélectionner un autre ensemble de coefficients, destinés à être multipliés avec les signaux d'entrée afin de fournir ainsi une image corrigée avec un facteur de mérite optimisé. Dans un mode de réalisation plus spécifique, on a prévu un moyen (112) de réglage permettant de changer la densité spectrale de puissance de l'image corrigée.