公开(公告)号：DE1597856A1

公开(公告)日：1970-08-13

申请号：DE1597856

申请日：1967-11-03

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： ERNEST HERRICK JUN CLIFFORD

IPC: G03G13/00 ,  G03G5/07 ,  G03G5/10 ,  G03G5/14 ,  G03G15/22 ,  G03G13/22

Abstract: 1,203,255. Electro-photographic processes. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. Oct.9, 1967 [Nov.9, 1966], No.46071/67. Heading G2H. [Also in Division H1] An electro-photographic contact exposure method comprises superimposing a document on a photo-conductive layer having a backing e. g. of aluminuim of relectivity at least 0À8 and exposing the document to light. The photo-conductive layer absorbs less than 30% of the energy of the light waves during a single unidirectional pass and the product of the reflectivities of the backing and the document to be copied is at least 0À25. The light waves are reflected back and forth between the backing and the document thus intesifying the image.

公开(公告)号：DE1797306A1

公开(公告)日：1970-12-17

申请号：DE1797306

申请日：1968-09-11

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： ERNEST HERRICK JUN CLIFFORD ,  DAVID SHATTUCK MOREDITH

IPC: G03G5/00 ,  G03G5/043 ,  G03G5/047 ,  G03G5/06 ,  G03G5/07 ,  G03G5/09 ,  G03G5/14 ,  G03G15/22 ,  H01L31/08

Abstract: 1,244,765. Photoconductive element. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. 30 Aug., 1968 [18 Sept., 1967], No. 41417/68. Heading H1K. [Also in Division G2] A photoconductive element, suitable for use in electrophotographic reflex copying comprises a dichroic material having its axes of maximum absorption and transmission oriented in a unidirection, the element exhibiting dichroic photoconductivity and becoming conductive in those areas exposed to light having an electric vector parallel to the absorption axis. The photoconductive element has the advantage that it transmits all light polarized normal to its absorption axis and therefore does not become conductive and efficiently illuminates the document to be copied. The element may be composed of a dichroic photoconductor alone or in association with another material, or a photoconductor together with an oriented dichroic activator. In either case the dichroic material must be oriented so that it acts as a single dichroic unit.. This may be accomplished by (a) dispersing the dichroic material in a sheet of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl formal and stretching it; (b) attaching the dichroic molecules chemically to a material that has a high degree of orientation; (c) coating the material on a sheet having a preferred orientation; or (d) coating them on a surface by unidirectional rubbing followed by stretching and extruding. Transparencies or translucencies which have been backed with depolarizing and reflecting elements can also be copied using this reflex technique. In the embodiments bis (dialkylaminoarylideneamino)benzo bisthiazoles are exemplified as dichroic photoconductors. In one embodiment, an aluminized cellulose triacetate sheet has a layer of bisthiazole formed thereon by rubbing on a dry powder in a unidirection and is overcoated with a layer of poly N-vinyl carbazole. In another embodiment, the layer of poly N-vinyl carbazole is adjacent the aluminized cellulose triacetate sheet and the bisthiazole is covered with cellulose acetate. In the embodiment exemplifying a dichroic activator, a polymer layer is stained with iodine to cause the polymer to exhibit dichroism and activate a photoconductive layer when applied thereto. In another embodiment a layer of an oriented polymeric photoconductor e.g. a terpolymer of N-pentenyl carbazole, N-hexenyl carbazole and pentene-1 is stained with 2,4,7- tinitrofluorenone. Polycarbonate or glass coated with tin oxide. A1 or Cu may be used as a support. The support may serve to polarize the light incident on the photoconductive layer so that its electric vector is in the proper direction for it to pass through the layer. A semi-transparent mirror which may be the metal layer on the support, may be used to reflect the depolarized light back into the layer. In one embodiment, an electrophotographic plate is built up by rubbing a bisthiazole in a unidirection on a film of poly-N-vinylcarbazole activated with tetrachlorophthalic anhydride and carried on a temporary polyethylene terephthalate support, coating the carbazole film with an aqueous solution of copoly(methylvinyl ether-maleic anhydride) and a quaternary ammonium salt, and then laminating the product with glass coated with polyvinylidene chloride. The terephthalate support is removed after lamination.

公开(公告)号：DE1622291A1

公开(公告)日：1970-11-05

申请号：DE1622291

申请日：1968-01-15

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： MANSFIELD EVLETH EARL ,  ERNEST HERRICK JUN CLIFFORD

IPC: G03C1/52 ,  G03C1/54 ,  G03C1/58

公开(公告)号：DE1572346A1

公开(公告)日：1970-02-26

申请号：DE1572346

申请日：1967-04-27

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： ERNEST HERRICK JUN CLIFFORD ,  VAHTRA ULO ,  DAVID SHATTUCK MEREDITH

IPC: G03G15/08 ,  G03C1/675 ,  G03C1/73 ,  G03C5/18 ,  G03C5/60 ,  G03G5/05 ,  G03G5/06 ,  G03G5/153 ,  G03G9/00 ,  G03G9/08 ,  G03G13/22 ,  G03G21/10

Abstract: 1,155,546. Electro-photographic process. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. May 1, 1967 [May 5, 1966], No. 19931/67. Heading G2H. [Also in Division H1] A negative transparency or translucency is made by forming an electrostatic charge image on a transparent or translucent photo-sensitive material which has a photo-conductive insulating layer and which is also capable of being made coloured or more opaque by treatment with an agent or radiation, developing the electrostatic charge image with a transparent or translucent barrier material and subjecting the developed photo-sensitive material to treatment with the said agent or radiation so that the areas not protected by the barrier material are made coloured or more opaque. The photo-sensitive materials specified contain a layer having an organic photoconductor and comprise (i) those containing as a separate layer or dispersed in the photo-conductive layer (a) a diazo compound and an azo coupler or a diazo compound alone which become coloured on treatment respectively with ammonia gas or an alkaline solution containing an azo coupler, the barrier material used being an alkali-absorbing material, or (b) a light-sensitive composition, such as an aryl amine-halohydro-carbon composition or a triarylmethane-dye cyanide, which becomes coloured on exposure to ultraviolet radiation, or a diazo compound which gives a vesicular image on exposure to ultraviolet followed by a heat treatment, the barrier material used being an ultraviolet absorbing material; and (ii) those in which the photoconductor or the binder therefor is a polymer containing dye-absorbing groups which can be dyed on treatment with a dye solution, the barrier material used being a non-dye-absorbing material. Lists of suitable diazo compounds, azo couplers, light-sensitive compositions and dye solutions are given. Polymer dye-absorbing binders specified are polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral. The photo-conductive layer may have a NESA glass support or a polyethylene terephthalate support coated with a transparent aluminium or copper layer. Barrier materials used to develop the electrostatic charge image comprise, as alkali-absorbing materials, stearic acid, phenylacetic acid, malonic acid, glycolic acid and saturated fatty acids of m.p. above 43‹ C.; as ultraviolet-absorbing materials, e.g. 2:2'-dihydroxy-4:4'-dimethoxy benzophenone, phenyl salicylate and various hydroxybenzophenones, resorcinols, salicylates and nitro aromatic compounds; and as non-dye-absorbing materials, polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene. The barrier material may be ground and dispersed with glass beads or ferromagnetic particles, or dispersed in a dielectric liquid or may be dissolved and the solution dispersed in a dielectric liquid. The photo-conductor layers described in the examples are polyvinyl carbozole containing 3:5-dinitrobenzoic acid with or without Malachite Green oxalate, and polyvinyl formal containing 1:3:5-triphenylpyrazoline and 3:5 dinitrobenzoic acid.

公开(公告)号：DE2131128A1

公开(公告)日：1972-01-05

申请号：DE2131128

申请日：1971-06-23

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： ROY CIALONE DAVID ,  ERNEST HERRICK JUN CLIFFORD ,  THOMAS SLAUGHTER GEORGE

IPC: B41J32/00 ,  B41J33/26 ,  B41J33/16

Abstract: 1284373 Ink ribbon mechanism INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 7 May 1971 [30 June 1970] 13616/71 Addition to 1,183,173 Heading B6F Ink ribbon mechanism includes a drive roller 16 engaging the outer turn of ribbon 12 on a take-up spool 14, the spool 14 being capable of tilting with respect to a spindle 13, and guide means 17, 19 are provided to limit displacement of successive turns of the ribbon axially with respect to the spool. The guide means 17, 19 may be in the form of flanges on the drive roller 16 as shown. The winding mechanism may be employed with thin ribbons in cartridges of the kind described in the parent Specification.

公开(公告)号：DE2022718A1

公开(公告)日：1970-11-26

申请号：DE2022718

申请日：1970-05-09

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： ROBERT CLARKE FRANCIS ,  ERNEST HERRICK JUN CLIFFORD

IPC: G03G21/10 ,  G03G21/08 ,  G03G13/08

Abstract: 1281485 Electro-photographic copiers INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 28 April 1970 [19 May 1969] 20215/70 Heading G2H After transfer of a developed image from a photo-conductive drum, residual developer is cleared therefrom by a brush 41, Fig. 1, or an air knife 101, Fig. 4; a lamp being provided at the cleaning station to illuminate the drum and disperse residual charge therefrom while the drum is being cleared. In Fig. 1, lamp 55 is mounted inside rotating brush 41, a vacuum cleaner 45, 47 drawing off developer particles. The construction of the brush and materials therefor are described in detail. In Fig. 4, a lamp 103 and air knife 101 are employed, developer particles being drawn off by suction through a housing 105.