公开(公告)号：JP2000040477A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-08

申请号：JP19719599

申请日：1999-07-12

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BEETESON JOHN STUART ,  KNICKERBOCKER JOHN ULRICH ,  KNOX ANDREW RAMSAY ,  LOWE ANTHONY CYRIL

IPC: H01J1/46 ,  H01J3/02 ,  H01J29/02 ,  H01J29/46 ,  H01J29/68 ,  H01J31/12

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide such an electron source that an extracted current density coincides with an emission characteristic of a cathode and there is no interaction between a pixel/array structural part and an extracting grid. SOLUTION: A frame 202 is provided around an extracting grid 200. The extracting grid 200 comprises plural apertures 204, 207. The apertures 204 are etched and have a square shape. The smaller number of apertures 207 have a U-shape. Portions which are not removed from the extracting grid 200 form flap 206 areas. The flaps are mechanically bent at a right angle, to form the extracting grid 200 into a three-dimensional structure from a two-dimensional structure. The flaps 200 are used for precisely separating the extracting grid 200 from a cathode substrate 102. Thereby, the distance between the electron source and the extracting grid 200 can be kept constant.

公开(公告)号：JPH11316387A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-16

申请号：JP2106599

申请日：1999-01-29

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： LOWE ANTHONY CYRIL

IPC: G02F1/1347

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new multi-layered display cell by which a contrast ratio similar to that using a polarizing plate and a reflectivity similar to that without a polarizing plate can be obtained. SOLUTION: Two or more divisions for a display cell are partitioned by a dielectric film 106. The mixtures of the two divisions differ in the electro-optic characteristics, and the mixture in one of the divisions is completely changed over at a such a low voltage as is lower than a threshold voltage of the material in the other division.

公开(公告)号：JPH11312458A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

申请号：JP901999

申请日：1999-01-18

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BEETESON JOHN STUART ,  KNOX ANDREW RAMSAY ,  LOWE ANTHONY CYRIL

IPC: H01J9/12 ,  H01J1/34 ,  H01J1/46 ,  H01J29/04 ,  H01J31/12 ,  H04N5/68

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photo-cathode electron source for a flat panel display device that can provide emission uniformity by sticking a photo-electron emission material as a uniform layer. SOLUTION: A photo-cathode electron source 100 suitable to use in a flat panel display device has an extraction grating means 104 to be kept at a positive potential using a photo-cathode surface as a reference during its use. The extraction grating means can be used as a carrier of a non-firing photo-electron emission material to form the emission surface of the photo-cathode. This material is stuck on a surface 103 of a photo-cathode means 102 by its evaporation from the extraction grating 104.

公开(公告)号：JP2000215790A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-04

申请号：JP900499

申请日：1999-01-18

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BEETESON JOHN STUART ,  KNOX ANDREW RAMSAY ,  LOWE ANTHONY CYRIL

IPC: H01J9/12 ,  H01J1/34 ,  H01J1/46 ,  H01J31/12 ,  H04N5/68

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photocathode electron source for a flat panel display device. SOLUTION: This photocathode electron source suitable for being used in a flat panel display device has an extraction lattice means 104 maintained in a positive potential with a standard of a cathode face during its use. The extraction lattice means 104 can be used as a carrier of non-firing photo-electron emissive material forming the emission face of the photocathode. The material is adhered onto the surface 103 of a photocathode means 102 by evaporation from the extraction lattice 104.

公开(公告)号：JP2000214466A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-04

申请号：JP2000002490

申请日：2000-01-11

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： LOWE ANTHONY CYRIL

IPC: G02F1/1337 ,  G02F1/1347 ,  G02F1/139

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a liquid crystal display device whose power consumption is zero when a picture is not changed and which has a high reflectance and whose cost is low by providing a lattice structures arranged on the surfaces of sections on respective sections and arranging mixtures by the combination of the lattice structures. SOLUTION: Two-section cells have a lattice structure 202 added to surfaces of one side of respective sections. The lattice structure 202 is added to the surface of one side of either of two surfaces of a section 114, that is, on the surface of a substrate 102 and the surface 106 of a thin dielectric film. Moreover, the lattice structure 202 is added to the surface of one side of either of two surfaces of a section 116, that is, on the surface of a substrate 104 or the surface 112 of a thin dielectric film. Then, since mixtures are arranged by the combination of the lattice structures 202 arranged on the surfaces of respective cells 114, 116, the liquid crystal display device, which is capable of suppressing power consumption at the time a picture is not changed to zero and is capable of obtaining a high reflectance and whose cost is low, can be obtained.

公开(公告)号：GB2306229B

公开(公告)日：1999-04-07

申请号：GB9618774

申请日：1996-09-09

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： LOWE ANTHONY CYRIL

IPC: G02F1/1335 ,  G02F1/157 ,  G02F1/167

Abstract: To produce a paper like display a diffuser 28 is mounted on on the front substrate 12 of a display cell which is also provided with a reflective pixel electrode on the other substrate 14. The diffuser is preferably a volume or surface relief hologram and provides a low backscatter. The display includes an electrooptic medium which may be liquid crystal, electrochromic or electrophoretic and is specularly reflective or weakly scattering..

公开(公告)号：BR8506373A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-02

申请号：BR8506373

申请日：1985-12-19

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： COX ALLEN RONALD ,  LOWE ANTHONY CYRIL ,  WOOD JOHN CHRISTOPHER

IPC: G02F1/137 ,  G02F1/13 ,  G02F1/1339 ,  G02F1/1341 ,  G02F1/15 ,  G02F1/161 ,  H01L21/96 ,  H01L23/28

Abstract: An electro-optic display cell has an arrangement of display electrodes in contact with a liquid within a sealed enclosure. The enclosure comprises an impervious transparent cover and a rigid structural wall member. A seal between the cover and wall member and an elastomeric plug extending between the exterior and interior complete the enclosure. The cell is filled by injecting the liquid into the presealed enclosure by perforating the plug with hollow needles also employed to remove entrapped gas. Upon withdrawal of the needles the perforations collapse to self-seal the enclosure but for added integrity the plug is also mechanically clamped. Conveniently, the seal and plug can be formed as an integral elastomeric moulding around a frame member forming the side wall of the enclosure and the frame member clamped between the cover and a separate base.

公开(公告)号：DE3276266D1

公开(公告)日：1987-06-11

申请号：DE3276266

申请日：1982-12-30

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： KIRKMAN DAVID HORROBIN ,  LOWE ANTHONY CYRIL ,  WOOD JOHN CHRISTOPHER ,  GOLLEDGE IAN

IPC: G02F1/1339 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/15 ,  G02F1/153 ,  G02F1/167 ,  G09F9/30

Abstract: A liquid-filled electro-optic display cell employs an elastomeric diaphragm to seal a filling orifice in the cell side wall. The orifice is surrounded by a rim and the diaphragm is retained over the rim in such a way as to seal the orifice while remaining free to flex over central portions of the orifice. This retention may be effected by means of an annular washer and clamping pin. In this way, sealing is effected and thermal expansion accommodated. The cell is filled by turning it until the orifice is uppermost and filling it until a convex meniscus is formed above the rim to ensure that the diaphragm seals the orifice without introduction of bubbles.

公开(公告)号：DE2966374D1

公开(公告)日：1983-12-08

申请号：DE2966374

申请日：1979-10-31

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD JOHN ,  LOWE ANTHONY CYRIL ,  MARTIN DAVID HUGH

IPC: G09F9/30 ,  G02F1/155 ,  G02F1/163 ,  G09G3/19 ,  G02F1/17

Abstract: An electrochromic display device comprises a single counter electrode and a plurality of display electrodes. The counter electrode is charged and is maintained at a given potential by a donor electrode which transfers charge to the counter electrode in response to the action of a reference electrode. A potentiostat operates to supply current to the donor electrode in accordance with the potential of the counter electrode as sensed by the reference electrode. Both the donor electrode and the counter electrode are preferably of platinum black. The donor electrode is preferably arranged in the manner of a frame about the display area. The counter electrode is preferably grid-shaped.

公开(公告)号：DE69937170T2

公开(公告)日：2008-06-26

申请号：DE69937170

申请日：1999-07-01

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BEETESON JOHN STUART ,  KNICKERBOCKER JOHN ULRICH ,  KNOX ANDREW RAMSAY ,  LOWE ANTHONY CYRIL

IPC: H01J1/46 ,  H01J29/46 ,  H01J3/02 ,  H01J29/02 ,  H01J29/68 ,  H01J31/12

Abstract: An electron source comprises a cathode means, and an extractor grid used to extract electrons from the cathode. The extractor grid is formed by etching a plurality of apertures in the material. A plurality of spacing members for spacing the extractor grid at a constant, predetermined spacing from the cathode are used. Each of the spacing members is formed by etching around a substantial portion of the periphery of the aperture and folding a remaining portion of the periphery of the aperture at substantially a right angle to the planar material.