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    2.
    发明专利
    未知

    公开(公告)号：DE1295235B

    公开(公告)日：1969-05-14

    申请号：DEI0025980

    申请日：1964-06-02

    Applicant: IBM

    Inventor： M KOSANKE KURT ,  W KULCKE WERNER

    IPC: G02F1/29

    Abstract: 1,062,453. Deflecting light. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION May 29, 1964 [June 5, 1963], No. 22287/64. Heading H4F. Apparatus for varying the position and direction of a beam of light comprises a biaxial crystal 12 and means for producing a beam of light which is plane polarized in a selectable one of a plurality of different planes, eg.an electro-optical device 21, and a quarter-wave plate 24, the incident plane polarized beam 26 being directed along one of the optic axes inside the biaxial crystal so that the phenomenon of internal conical refraction takes place, the position of maximum intensity of the output beam on the cone circle 12b depending on the direction of polarization of incident beam 26. Light from source 15 first passes through polarizer 16 and the resulting plane polarized beam 25 is transformed into a circular, elliptical or plane polarized light beam 28 in electro-optic device 21 depending on the voltage V applied across the electro-optic device by way of transparent or semi-transparent electrodes 22 and 23. Quarterwave plate 24 is so orientated as to transform the circular polarized light beam 28 into a plane-polarized light beam 26, the direction of polarization of which depends on the voltage V. The output beam from cone circle 12b, the position of maximum intensity of which depends on voltage V, is then focused by means of a cylindrical lens 17 on to a curved mirror 13, the resulting light beam 30 having a direction with a predetermined deviation or orientation between 30a and 30b for use in some form of readout apparatus. Instead of using mirror 13 crystal 12 may be replaced by a crystal 31, Fig. 6, having a prismatic shape along its rear face 32. Crystal 31 achieves the same phenomenon of internal conical refraction and the same intensity distribution as crystal 12 of Fig. 1 but in addition deflects the output beam 33 in a particular orientation or direction between the rays indicated at 33a and 33b. The arrangements of Figs. 1 and 6 provide a cos 2 intensity distribution of the conically refracted-light of the crystals 12 and 31, and to improve the beam resolution, the intensity distribution is improved to a cos 4 distribution by means of additional quarter-wave plate 43, electro-optical device 44 and analyser 40 arranged as shown in Fig. 7. The material of the electro-optical device may comprise potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium deuterium phosphate and the material of biaxial crystal 12 may comprise naphthalene, anthracene or aragonite. Kerr cells, magneto-optical means and strain or stress optical structures may be used instead of the electro-optical device.

    3.
    发明专利
    未知

    公开(公告)号：DE1298218B

    公开(公告)日：1969-06-26

    申请号：DEJ0028448

    申请日：1965-06-26

    Applicant: IBM

    Inventor： MAX ,  ERHARD DR ,  M KOSANKE KURT ,  FALLS WAPPINGERS ,  KULCKE ,  W DR WERNER

    IPC: G02F1/09 ,  H01S3/105 ,  H01S3/10

    Abstract: 1,053,086. Lasers. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. May 21, 1965 [June 29. 1964], No. 21755/65. Heading H1C. A laser has its optical cavity formed by mirrors 11, 12 of magnetic material one of which is partially transmitting, the mirrors being controllably magnetized so that the Kerr magneto optical effect causes an output ray circularly polarized in a selected direction to be obtained. The active medium may be dysprosium-doped calcium fluoride which radiates circularly polarized light when pumped and subjected to a magnetic field, or may be another medium the radiation of which is circularly polarized by quarter wave plates 14, 15. When the magnetic field applied to a mirror 11, 12 is in the same direction as the incident radiation, Fig. 1 (not shown), the reflected light becomes more strongly polarized in the right-hand sense. The converse applies when the direction of the magnetic field is reversed, Fig. 2 (not shown). The laser may be arranged so that the threshold for laser action is only exceeded if both mirrors produce circular polarization in the same sense. Then by reversing the magnetization of both mirrors the direction of circular polarization of the output light is reversed. Other relationships of magnetic directions in association with an optical cavity of higher Q can be used. In a modification one mirror is formed of a dielectric material having a constant reflectivity irrespective of the polarization direction. An output is then obtained which is circularly polarized in one direction or the other in accordance with the magnetization direction of the single mirror. By controlling the magnetization of the mirrors a modulated output may be obtained.

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