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公开(公告)号：US3537070A
公开(公告)日：1970-10-27
申请号：US3537070D
申请日：1969-03-04
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： MALEK KASEM
CPC classification number: G06K9/00067
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US3560928A
公开(公告)日：1971-02-02
申请号：US3560928D
申请日：1968-09-25
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BERGER JAY M , LEVINE WILBUR J , MALEK KASEM
CPC classification number: G06K9/00067
Abstract: A DOCUMENT HAVING A PATTERN TO BE RECOGNIZED, SUCH AS A FINGERPRINT, IS FIRST SCANNED AT A FIRST ANGLE IN ONE DIRECTION TO DETERMINE A FIRST SET OF POINTS OF TANGENCY OF SCANNING LINES WITH FINGERPRINT RIDGES AND THE ADDRESSES OF THE X, Y COORDINATES OF THESE POINTS ARE STORED IN DIGITAL STORAGE MEANS. THE SCAN IS THEN ROTATED TO AN ANGLE OF ABOUT 60* TO 120* TO THE FIRST ANGLE AND A SECOND SCAN IS EFFECTED TO PRODUCE A SECOND SET OF LIKE POINTS OF TANGENCY AND THE ADDRESSES OF THE X, Y COORDINATES OF THE SECOND POINTS ARE ALSO STORED. THE ADDRESSES PRODUCED BY BOTH SCANS ARE RESPECTIVELY COMPARED AND THAT COMPARISON BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND SCAN ADDRESSES WHICH SHOWS A DIFFERENCE OF LESS THAN A CHOSEN VALUE (THE DISTANCE BETWEEN ADJACENT RIDGES OF THE FINGERPRINT) IS THE LOCATION AT WHICH THE SCANS CONVERGE AND WHICH IS SUBSTANTIALLY THE FOCAL POINT OF THE FINGERPRINT. SUCH FOCAL POINT IS NOW REPRODUCIBLE, NO MATTER WHAT THE ANGLE OF DISPOSITION OF THE FINGERPRING IS IN THE VIEWING AREA.
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公开(公告)号：CA907203A
公开(公告)日：1972-08-08
申请号：CA907203D
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： MALEK KASEM , LEVINE WILBUR J , BERGER JAY M
IPC: G06K9/00
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公开(公告)号：DE1548244A1
公开(公告)日：1969-09-25
申请号：DE1548244
申请日：1966-04-23
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： MALEK KASEM
Abstract: 1,082,885. Pattern recognition. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. April 20, 1966 [April 30, 1965], No. 17228/66. Heading G4R. Characteristics of a pattern are recognised in response to simultaneous outputs from means for recognising gaps of less than a predetermined width between adjacent segments of the pattern and means for recognising segments of width greater than a predetermined value. A fingerprint mounted on a rotating drum is scanned parallel to the drum axis by a scanistor (for which Specification 1,010,583 is referred to) driven by a ramp generator. A differentiator is used to extract the modulations from the modulated ramp produced and feed them via a gate enabled only while the ramp is operative (for noise reduction) to recognition circuitry. In the latter, bifurcation-maybe circuits detect gaps of less than a predetermined width between adjacent pattern ridges and double-width detection circuits detect wide ridges. These circuits feed AND gates which indicate a bifurcation pointing in one direction when a smallwidth gap occurs in one scan near the centre of a wide ridge in the next scan (a one scan delay being used), and a bifurcation pointing in the opposite direction when the order of occurrence is reversed. Similar circuits are provided for recognising line endings, being preceded by inverters since a black line ending is equivalent to a white bifurcation. However, the AND gates are only enabled to produce outputs if the scans are more or less perpendicular to the pattern ridges, as indicated by a ridge density determining circuit. This is to prevent incorrect recognition due to deteriorations of the ridge edges actuating the bifurcation-maybe circuits. The ridge density determining circuit contains delays and requires a minimum ridge density (frequency) to be exceeded for each of four consecutive scans, before producing an output, to prevent incorrect operation due to deteriorations of the edge of a ridge being taken for successive ridges. Islands and short ridges can be similarly detected. Scans at different orientations can be made, e.g. using further scanistors.
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公开(公告)号：DE1946861A1
公开(公告)日：1970-04-02
申请号：DE1946861
申请日：1969-09-16
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： MANTON BERGER JAY , JACK LEVINE WILBUR , MALEK KASEM
Abstract: 1,232,329. Fingerprint recognition. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. 27 Aug., 1969 [25 Sept., 1968], No. 42565/69. Heading G4R. Pattern recognition apparatus, for identifying a core of a fingerprint having a plurality of ridges, line scans the fingerprint at first and second angles to produce co-ordinates of first and second respective sets of points of tangency of the scanning lines with the ridges, and compares respective co-ordinates of the points of the two sets to determine the pair of points having co-ordinates differing by less than a predetermined quantity, the determined pair of points being taken as the location where the scans converge. The core is scanned in a plurality of parallel lines at the first angle, the distance between the scan lines being approximately the typical ridge thickness. The contents of X and Y counters, driven in step with the scanner, are gated to registers on detection of each white-toblack and following black-to-white transition to give the X and Y co-ordinates of the transitions. The extent of ridge crossing is obtained from the differences of the X and Y co-ordinates of each such pair of corresponding transitions and if it exceeds about twice the ridge thickness, the averages of the X and Y co-ordinates are stored as the co-ordinates of the point of tangency. After the whole core has been scanned at the first angle, scans are performed at the second angle until a point of tangency is obtained and stored in a similar way which is less than the typical distances between adjacent ridges from a point of tangency obtained in the scans at the first angle. The position thus obtained is taken as the core centre used as a reference point from which numbers of ridges can be counted and relative directions of line endings and bifurcations can be determined for storage and comparison for recognition purposes.
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