Abstract:
A valve includes a valve body and a bolt. The valve body has an input port and an output channel coupled by a primary passageway. The valve body has a bolt bore aligned to intersect the primary passageway. The valve body has a divert port disposed at an end of the bolt bore. The valve body has an intersection at the output channel and the primary passageway including a gradual transition. The bolt has a first end and a second end aligned on a longitudinal axis. The bolt has a through passageway aligned transverse to the longitudinal axis and has a divert passageway disposed between a side aperture and the first end. The bolt is configured for slidable engagement with the bolt bore.
Abstract:
A novel nickel particulate form is provided that efficiently forms a zero-valent nickel complex with a phosphorus-containing ligands in an organic liquid to form a hydrocyanation catalyst. Particles in the nickel particulate form comprise nickel crystallites. For example, the nickel particulate form can have a BET Specific Surface Area of at least about 1 m2/gm; an average crystallite size less than about 20-25 nm, the nickel particulate form can have at least 10% of the crystallites in the nickel form can have a diameter (C10) of less than about 10 nm, and/or there are on average at least about 1015 surface crystallites per gram nickel. A ratio of BET SSA to C50 for the nickel particulate form can be at least about 0.1×109 m/gm and preferably at least about 0.4×109 m/gm. Methods of preparation and use are also provided.
Abstract:
The invention provides polyester polyol compositions, useful as components of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate polymers, prduced from cyclohexane oxidation reaction byproducts, such as water extracts and non-volatile distillation residues from the reaction. Such byproducts of industrial processes for preparation of adipic acid and caprolactam, important intermediates in the production of various types of nylon, have hitherto largely been used only as fuels. The present invention provides value-added products, methods for making, and methods for using the byproduct-derived polyester polyol compositions. For example, the invention provides polyurethane (PU) and/or polyisocyanurate (PIR) polymers made using the polyol compositions and polyfunctional isocyanates. The PU and PIR polymers can be used as adhesives, binders (e.g., for wood fibers), coatings (e.g., for controlled release fertilizers), and foams.