Abstract:
The present invention provides a method of manufacturing fine ceramic particles, comprising the steps of supplying a raw gas or raw liquid droplets to a reaction space provided in an annular portion between the stationary outer cylinder and the rotatable inner cylinder of a double coaxial cylindrical reactor, and subjecting the raw gas or raw liquid droplets to a reaction in the reaction space while rotating the inner cylinder. The present invention also provides an apparatus used to practice this method. A Taylor vortex is employed as a fluid flow in a CVD reaction zone or a thermal decomposition reaction zone. Consequently, the temperature distribution in the vortex, the concentration distribution of the reaction gas or concentration distribution in terms of the number of liquid droplets, and the residence time of formed fine particles confined in the vortex become uniform, and uniform fine ceramic particles can be obtained with a high yield.
Abstract:
PCT No. PCT/JP96/00593 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 27, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 27, 1997 PCT Filed Mar. 7, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO96/28137 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 19, 1996The present invention is directed to ultraviolet shielding composite fine particles having transparency in a visible light region include (a) matrix particles comprising an aggregate of primary particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.001 to 0.3 mu m, the aggregate being formed while the primary particles retain their shapes; and (b) daughter particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.001 to 0.1 mu m, the daughter particles being dispersed in and supported by the matrix particles. In the composite fine particles, the daughter particles have a smaller band gap energy than the particles constituting the matrix particles and are capable of absorbing ultraviolet light, and the resulting ultraviolet shielding composite fine particles have substantially no catalytic activity.
Abstract:
PCT No. PCT/JP94/01609 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 1, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 1, 1996 PCT Filed Sep. 28, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/09895 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 13, 1995The present invention is directed to ultraviolet shielding composite fine particles having transparency in a visible light region, comprising (a) matrix particles comprising an aggregate of primary particles having an average particles diameter of from 0.001 to 0.3 mu m, said aggregate being formed while retaining the shapes of the primary particles; and (b) daughter particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.001 to 0.1 mu m, said daughter particles being dispersed in and supported by said matrix particles, wherein said daughter particles have a smaller band gap energy than that of particles constituting said matrix particles, and possess capability of absorbing ultraviolet light. The composite fine particles are produced by preparing a liquid mixture containing a mixture comprising starting materials for matrix particles and for daughter particles; forming droplets from the liquid mixture; and drying the formed droplets and/or pyrolyzing starting materials for pyrolysis therein. The cosmetics of the present invention contain the above composite fine particles.
Abstract:
A compound having a carbonyl group and/or a carboxyl group is produced by catalytically oxidizing a polyhydric alcohol having at least one primary hydroxyl group and at least one secondary hydroxyl group in the presence of a supported catalyst comprising at least one catalytic component selected from among the following components (I) to (IV) loaded on a support: (I) A first catalytic component chosen from at least one element selected from group A consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver and copper, (II) a combination of the first catalytic component with a second catalytic component chosen from at least one element selected from group B consisting of tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium and tellurium, (III) a combination of the first catalytic component with a third catalytic component chosen from at least one element selected from group C consisting of rare earth elements, and (IV) a combination of the first catalytic component with the second catalytic component and the third catalytic component.
Abstract:
Sulfonation of a sulfonatable organic compound is effected by means of a two-stage reaction with an SO3containing gas, in which the first-stage reaction is carried out by flowing, in parallel flow relation, said organic compound and said SO3-containing gas upwardly into the lower ends of a plurality of vertically positioned cylinders of double-cylinders, and the second-stage reaction is carried out by the steps of collecting the reaction product of the first-stage reaction, adding fresh SO3-containing gas to the reaction product thus collected and flowing in parallel flow arrangement the reaction mixture downwardly into the upper end of a vertically positioned cylinder or double-cylinder.
Abstract:
An ultraviolet-screening composite particulate transparent in the visible region, characterized in that it is constituted of a matrix particle formed by the agglomeration of primary particles having sizes of 0.001 to 0.3 νm and retaining their shapes as such and daughter particles having a mean diameter of 0.001 to 0.1 νm and dispersed and immobilized in the matrix particle, the daughter particles having a smaller band gap energy than that of the primary particles constituting the matrix particle and exhibiting an ultraviolet-absorbing power, that it has a structure wherein the surface is coated with at least one silicone selected from the group consisting of modified silicones, reactive silicones and silicone-modified copolymers, and that it is substantially free from catalytic activity. Thus, the composite particulate contains ultrafine particles having an ultraviolet-screening power and is surface-coated with a silicone, so that it is substantially free from catalytic activity and can efficiently screen ultraviolet rays while having a high transparency in the visible region.
Abstract:
A METHOD OF DETECTING THE CONDITION OF A LIQUID LAYER IN A CASE WHERE A PLURALITY OF LIQUIDS ARE IN A LAYER CONDITION. SUCH METHOD BEING CAPABLE OF KNOWING EACH LAYER CONDITION EVEN IN A CASE WHERE A SYSTEM AS A WHOLE IS HIGH IN TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE OR DIRT, AS WELL AS EMULSIFICATON ARE LARGER IN EXTENT. IN ORDER TO DETECT THE LAYER CONDITION, THE MEASUREMENT VALUES OF TEMPERATURES AND SO ON IN A SYSTEM AS A WHOLE OR THE MATHEMATICALLY PROCESSED VALUES OF THE MEASUREMENT VALUES ARE PROVIDED AS INPUTS, THE LAYER CONDITION AT THIS TIME IS OUTPUTTED, PROCESSED BY A NEUROCOMPUTER SO AS TO COMPOSE AN INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL. AS THE LAYER CONDITION AT THIS TIME IS ADAPTED TO BE ESTIMATED WITH THE USE OF THE INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL, THE LAYER CONDITION MAY BE PROPERLY DETECTED EVEN WHEN A SYSTEM AS AN OBJECT IS HIGH AT TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE OR THE DIRT, THE EMULSIFICATION ARE LARGER IN EXTENT.
Abstract:
PCT No. PCT/JP96/00593 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 27, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 27, 1997 PCT Filed Mar. 7, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO96/28137 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 19, 1996The present invention is directed to ultraviolet shielding composite fine particles having transparency in a visible light region include (a) matrix particles comprising an aggregate of primary particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.001 to 0.3 mu m, the aggregate being formed while the primary particles retain their shapes; and (b) daughter particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.001 to 0.1 mu m, the daughter particles being dispersed in and supported by the matrix particles. In the composite fine particles, the daughter particles have a smaller band gap energy than the particles constituting the matrix particles and are capable of absorbing ultraviolet light, and the resulting ultraviolet shielding composite fine particles have substantially no catalytic activity.