Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for sound processing, where sound is attenuated by measuring it and by producing with an actuator a sound field of opposite sign in view of the original sound field. A desired value signal (I) is supplied to the actuator which reproduces the signal. To the actuator is attached a sensor, measuring sound pressure, and the difference of the sensor signal (B) and the desired value signal (I) is applied as high gain feedback to the actuator. As a consequence, sound not pertaining to the desired value signal (I) can be attenuated in a simple manner, and sound in accordance with the desired value signal (I) can be produced simultaneously with the same apparatus.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for processing extrudable material, especially for the manufacture of a multilayer extrusion product in an extrusion device, wherein the extrudable material is brought in solid form, advantageously as powder or in granular form, and which includes a central extrusion channel (1) and the stator means (2, 3) and the rotor (4) defining it. The invention concerns also such an extrusion device. In the extrusion device according to the invention it is used an optional number of stator and rotor means (2, 3, 4) arranged packlike alternately one within the other, whereby the extrudable material is first melted during its feed into an annular feed defile (5) advantageously in conical or double-conical form between the stator means (2, 3) and the rotor means (4) after the infeed thereof before the central channel, and thereafter compressed to the final extrusion pressure. The feed defile (5) of the extrusion device according to the invention comprises in the flow direction of the extrudable material first an infeed zone (51), then a melting zone (52) and finally a compression zone (53). The invention relates further to a new extrusion product, which is a multilayer product, and at least one layer whereof includes an interlacing orientation field, in which the plastic is helically oriented or directed forming a reinforcing netlike structure into the product.
Abstract:
The present invention concerns a dielectric film for converting the energy of an electric field or of a magnetic field into mechanical work, orfor converting mechanical work into electric energy, and a procedure for manufacturing the film. The film of the invention consists of a homogeneous, e.g. a film layer (A) foamed to a structure (C) of full-cell type and which has been oriented by stretching it in two dimensions and coated at least in part on one side or on both sides with an electrically conductive layer (B). The film is manufactured by extruding the plastic which has been made to be foams able, into tubular shape, performing intermediate cooling of the tube and reheating it, expanding the heated tube in two dimensions, metallizing the outer surfaces and cutting the tube open to become a film.
Abstract:
A film (5) is extruded from plastic material by means of an extruder. Material is mixed into the plastic (5a) of the plastic film (5) before the extrusion so that cavitation bubbles are formed in the material particles mixed into the plastic (5a) when the plastic film is stretched. The film (5) is orientated by stretching. After the extrusion the plastic film (5) is cooled slowly below the crystallization point of the plastic material before the orientation.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and a an apparatus for processing various materials, the apparatus including at least two annular feed gaps placed one within the other. The beginning of each feed gap is provided with a grinding section (5), which is followed in the apparatus by a mixing section (10). The materials are processed in the grinding section (5), whereafter they are mixed in the mixing section (10), and the mixture is extruded into a product.
Abstract:
An extrusion apparatus is used for extruding material through a nozzle (10) for forming a product In the nozzle (10), the material is pressed around rods (9) so that tubular cavities (13) are formed in the wall of the product. The rods (9) are hollow and the apparatus comprises channels (14) connected to the hollow rods (9) to enable flow in the tubular cavities (13).
Abstract:
A electromechanical transducer comprising at least one transducer element (2, 2a) which has a multilayer structure comprising at least two layers such that the transducer element is capable of changing its thickness. The transducer element (2a, 2b) allows air to flow inside the transducer element (2, 2a, 2b) in the direction of thickness thereof and inside and out of the transducer element (2a, 2b) through at least one surface of the transducer element (2a, 2b) in the direction of thickness of the transducer element (2a, 2b). The transducer element can be used e.g. for transforming energy from mechanical energy into electric energy and/or vice versa.
Abstract:
A transverse stretching device comprises two stretching wheels (4) and endless bands (5) arranged against them and revolving around band guide rolls (6) so that a plastic film (2) to be stretched is arranged at its both edges between a stretching wheel (4) and a band (5). The stretching wheels (4) and the bands (5) are arranged in such a way that in the direction of travel of the plastic film (2) they are further apart from each other at the end than in the beginning, whereby the transverse stretching device (1) stretches the plastic film in the transverse direction. The stretching wheels (4) are rims open in the centre and the device includes heating means (9) arranged through the rims at least at some angle between the stretching wheels (4).
Abstract:
Material is extruded with a device comprising at least two stators (1,2) one within the other and, between them, a rotor (3) in the shape of a convergent cone, the material being extruded from the device by rotating the rotor (3). The rotor (3) comprises openings (9), through which the material is led. The stators (1,2) comprise continuous grooves (8) for conveying the material out of the device. The stator grooves (8) alternately become lower and deeper, said grooves (8) being arranged such that when the groove of the inner stator (1) is low, the point of the groove of the outer stator (2) on the other side of the rotor (3) at a corresponding point is deep and vice versa.