Abstract:
THE PRESENT INVENTION PROVIDES A SYSTEM (100) FOR PERFORMING QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION BY SECURELY SWITCHING BETWEEN DETERMINISTIC AND NON-DETERMINISTIC PROTOCOL. THE SYSTEM COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE RANDOM POLARIZATION ENCODED PHOTON SOURCE (102, 104), AT LEAST ONE OPTICAL SWITCH (108), AT LEAST ONE SET OF DETECTOR FOR DETERMINISTIC PROTOCOL (116) AND A SET OF DETECTOR FOR NON-DETERMINISTIC PROTOCOL (122) AND A PLURALITY OF ELECTRONIC LOGIC GATES (118,120). THE SAID RANDOM POLARIZATION ENCODED PHOTON SOURCE (102, 104) COMPRISING ATTENUATED PULSE LASER PUMPS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS FOR RANDOMLY GENERATING POLARIZATION PHOTON STATES WHILE THE SAID OPTICAL SWITCH (108) HAVING AT LEAST ONE INPUT PORT AND AT LEAST TWO OUTPUT PORTS FOR SWITCHING SINGLE PHOTONS. THE SAID POLARIZATION ENCODED PHOTON FLIPPER (110) RANDOMLY FLIP POLARIZATION STATE OF ENCODED PHOTON WHILE THE SAID DETECTOR FOR DETERMINISTIC PROTOCOL (116) AND DETECTOR FOR NON- DETERMINISTIC PROTOCOL (122) HAVING ACTIVE BASIS SELECTOR (114) AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS FOR MEASURING AND DISCRIMINATING SINGLE PHOTON POLARIZATION STATES AND THE SAID ELECTRONIC LOGIC GATES COMPRISING ELECTRONIC CONTROLLER, TIMER AND ANALYZER (118, 120) FOR CONTROLLING POLARIZATION STATES OF PHOTON TO BE SENT, CONTROLLING OPTICAL SWITCH BASED ON QUANTUM BIT ERROR RATE (QBER), CONTROLLING POLARIZATION ENCODED PHOTON FLIPPER (110) AND CONTROLLING ACTIVE BASIS SELECTOR (114). ANOTHER EMBODIMENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION PROVIDES A METHOD (200) FOR PERFORMING QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION BY SECURELY SWITCHING BETWEEN DETERMINISTIC AND NON-DETERMINISTIC PROTOCOL. THE METHOD COMPRISING STEPS OF GENERATING RANDOM POLARIZATION ENCODED PHOTONS (202), TRANSMITTING ENCODED PHOTONS TO OPTICAL SWITCH (204), SENDING ENCODED PHOTON TO POLARIZATION ENCODED PHOTON FLIPPER TO FLIP POLARIZATION STATE OF ENCODED PHOTON (206), ROTATING POLARIZATION STATE OF ENCODED PHOTON USING ACTIVE BASIS SELECTOR (208), FORWARDING ENCODED PHOTON TO DETERMINISTIC DETECTOR TO MEASURE POLARIZATION STATE OF ENCODED PHOTON (210), CALCULATING QUANTUM BIT ERROR RATE (QBER) TO DETERMINE TYPE OF PROTOCOL TO BE USED (212), DETERMINING EXCHANGE OF DETERMINISTIC PROTOCOL TO NON-DETERMINISTIC PROTOCOL BASED ON CALCULATION OF QUANTUM BIT ERROR RATE (QBER) (214), SWITCHING ENCODED PHOTON TO NON-DETERMINISTIC DETECTOR WHEN QUANTUM BIT ERROR RATE (QBER) IN DETERMINISTIC PROTOCOL IS GREATER THAN MAXIMUM THRESHOLD VALUE (216) AND PERFORMING ERROR CORRECTION WHEN QUANTUM BIT ERROR RATE (QBER) IS LOWER THAN MAXIMUM THRESHOLD VALUE TO CONTINUE WITH DETERMINISTIC PROTOCOL (226).
Abstract:
A METHOD FOR A SECURE KEY DISTRIBUTION PROTOCOL BASED ON HASH FUNCTIONS UTILIZING QUANTUM AUTHENTICATION CHANNEL (KDP-6DP) (200), COMPRISING AUTHENTICATING (210) A RECEIVER USING QUANTUM AUTHENTICATION CHANNEL AND DISTRIBUTING (220) SECURE KEY FROM SENDER TO THE RECEIVER BY ENCRYPTING MESSAGE USING HASH FUNCTIONS (222). AUTHENTICATING THE RECEIVER USING QUANTUM AUTHENTICATION CHANNEL FURTHER COMPRISES PREPARING SIX QUANTUM STATES AT A SENDER (212), SENDING TWO QUANTUM STATES TO THE RECEIVER (214), FLIPPING THE QUANTUM STATES AT THE RECEIVER (216), SENDING BACK THE FLIPPED QUANTUM STATES TO THE SENDER (216), AND VALIDATING THE QUANTUM STATES AT THE SENDER (218).
Abstract:
AN APPARATUS AND METHOD (100) FOR DUAL CODING COHERENT PHASE PROTOCOL IN QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION (QKD) SYSTEM USING A COHERENT LASER SOURCE (102), AN INTENSITY MODULATOR (103) AND A PHASE MODULATOR (105) IS DISCLOSED. THE SYSTEM COMPRISES TWO LEVELS OF ENCODING AND SIX TYPES OF DECOY BITS TO FURTHER IMPROVE SECURITY OF THE SECRET KEYS. THE SYSTEM COMPRISES AN INTENSITY MODULATOR FOR INTENSITY CODING WHEREIN A SECRET KEY IS CODED, MEANS TO GENERATE A TRAIN OF PULSES WITH BITS ?1? FOR WEAK COHERENCE PULSE (WCP AND BITS ?0? FOR VACUUM PULSE; AND A PHASE MODULATOR FOR DIFFERENTIAL PHASE CODING COMPRISES THE INTENSITY CODED SECRET KEY FURTHER CODED WITH BITS ?1? FOR PHASE DIFFERENCE OF 0; BITS ?0? FOR PHASE DIFFERENCE OF ? FOR WEAK COHERENCE PULSE (WCP); AND DECOY BITS FOR OTHER ORIENTATION PHASE DIFFERENCE OF VACUUM PULSE AND WCP.
Abstract:
A METHOD (100) AND APPARATUS (200) FOR QUANTUM-MECHANICALLY GENERATING A RANDOM NUMBER BASED ON POLARIZATION STATES OF SPONTANEOUS PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERTED PHOTONS. THE METHOD (100) AND APPARATUS (200) COMPRISES A PHOTON SOURCE (202) TO GENERATE A BEAM OF PHOTONS (102), A FIRST TYPE-I NONLINEAR CRYSTAL (206) AND A TYPE-I SECOND NONLINEAR CRYSTAL (207) TO DOWN-CONVERT THE BEAM OF PHOTONS THROUGH SPONTANEOUS PARAMETRIC DOWN CONVERSIONS TO GENERATE A PAIR OF UNIDIRECTIONAL BEAM OF PHOTONS WITH RANDOM POLARIZATION STATES (104), CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE FIRST TYPE-I NONLINEAR CRYSTAL (206) IS ADJACENT TO THE SECOND TYPE-I NONLINEAR CRYSTAL (207) AND OPTICAL AXIS OF THE FIRST TYPE-I NONLINEAR CRYSTAL (206) IS ORTHOGONAL TO OPTICAL AXIS OF THE SECOND TYPE-I NONLINEAR CRYSTAL (208), A POLARIZED BEAM SPLITTER (210) TO SPLIT THE PAIR OF UNIDIRECTIONAL BEAM OF PHOTONS BASED ON POLARIZATION STATES OF THE PAIR OF UNIDIRECTIONAL BEAM OF PHOTONS INTO A BEAM OF HORIZONTALLY POLARIZED PHOTONS AND A BEAM OF VERTICALLY POLARIZED PHOTONS (106), A FIRST DETECTOR (212) AND A SECOND DETECTOR (214) TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF THE BEAM OF HORIZONTALLY POLARIZED PHOTONS AND THE BEAM OF VERTICALLY POLARIZED PHOTONS RESPECTIVELY (108), AND AN ELECTRONIC LOGIC (216) TO ASSIGN A FIRST VALUE TO EVERY PHOTON IN THE BEAM OF HORIZONTALLY POLARIZED PHOTONS AND ASSIGN A SECOND VALUE TO EVERY PHOTON IN THE BEAM OF VERTICALLY POLARIZED PHOTONS TO GENERATE A RANDOM NUMBER (110). THE MOST ILLUSTRATIVE DRAWINGS:
Abstract:
ONE EMBODIMENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION IS A METHOD OF LINEAR TRANSFORMATION IN SUBSTITUTION-PERMUTATION NETWORK SYMMETRIC-KEY BLOCK CIPHER PRODUCING N X N KEY- DEPENDENT MDS MATRICES FROM GIVEN N X N MDS MATRIX BY SCALAR MULTIPLICATION AND PERMUTATIONS OF ELEMENTS OF GIVEN MATRIX WHERE MULTIPLICATIVE SCALAR AND PERMUTATIONS ARE DERIVED FROM BINARY INPUTS OF LENGTH I.THE METHOD COMPRISING DERIVING MULTIPLICATIVE SCALAR FROM BINARY INPUT; MULTIPLYING GIVEN MATRIX WITH MULTIPLICATIVE SCALAR, PRODUCING FIRST INTERMEDIATE MATRIX; DERIVING FIRST PERMUTATION OF N OBJECTS FROM BINARY INPUT; PERMUTING ROWS OF FIRST INTERMEDIATE MATRIX ACCORDING TO FIRST PERMUTATION, PRODUCING SECOND INTERMEDIATE MATRIX; DERIVING SECOND PERMUTATION OF N OBJECTS FROM BINARY INPUT; AND PERMUTING COLUMNS OF SECOND INTERMEDIATE MATRIX ACCORDING TO SECOND PERMUTATION TO PRODUCE FINAL MDS MATRIX.ANOTHER EMBODIMENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION IS A METHOD OF LINEAR TRANSFORMATION IN SUBSTITUTION-PERMUTATION NETWORK SYMMETRIC-KEY BLOCK CIPHER PRODUCING N X N KEY-DEPENDENT MDS MATRICES FROM GIVEN N X N MDS MATRIX BY SCALAR MULTIPLICATION AND PERMUTATIONS OF ELEMENTS OF GIVEN MATRIX WHERE MULTIPLICATIVE SCALAR AND PERMUTATIONS ARE DERIVED FROM BINARY INPUTS OF LENGTH I THE METHOD COMPRISING DERIVING MULTIPLICATIVE SCALAR FROM THE KEY (202); MULTIPLYING GIVEN MATRIX WITH MULTIPLICATIVE SCALAR TO PRODUCE FIRST INTERMEDIATE MATRIX (204); DERIVING FIRST PERMUTATION OF N OBJECTS FROM THE KEY (206); PERMUTING ROWS OF FIRST INTERMEDIATE MATRIX ACCORDING TO FIRST PERMUTATION TO PRODUCE SECOND INTERMEDIATE MATRIX (208); DERIVING SECOND PERMUTATION OF N OBJECTS FROM THE KEY (304); AND PERMUTING COLUMNS OF SECOND INTERMEDIATE MATRIX ACCORDING TO SECOND PERMUTATION (212) TO PRODUCE FINAL MDS MATRIX (214).
Abstract:
A SYSTEM AND METHOD OF QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN A TRANSMITTER (100) AND A RECEIVER (200), WHEREIN THE SYSTEM COMPRISES AT LEAST ONE TRANSMITTER (100), AT LEAST ONE RECEIVER (200, AND A TRANSMISSION MEANS (26) FOR SHARING A SECRET KEY SECURELY THROUGH THE MEANS OF GENERATING QUANTUM SIGNALS IN RANDOM PHASE MODULATION AND RANDOM FREQUENCY MODULATION, IN AN INCREASED LENGTH OF KEY.
Abstract:
A METHOD FOR USE IN QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY SYSTEM, PARTICULARLY FOR ENHANCING THE SECURITY LEVEL OF OBTAINING THE CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEY TO ENCODE THE INFORMATION COMMUNICATED BETWEEN TO LEGITIMATE PARTIES. A PLURALITY OF REFERENCE SIGNALS (RS) WITH DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES AND AMPLITUDES ARE TRANSMITTED BY ALICE TO BOB, FOLLOWED BY TRANSMITTING A PLURALITY OF QUANTUM SIGNALS (QS) WITH DIFFERENT INTERVAL TIMES AND AMPLITUDES. BOB MEASURES THE ARRIVAL TIME OF THE REFERENCE SIGNALS (RS) AND QUANTUM SIGNALS (QS) AT HIS END, AND REPORTS TO ALICE. ALICE PROVIDES THE ACCURATE ARRIVAL TIMES AND BOB DISCARDS THE ERRONEOUS ONES. BASED ON THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION, THE KEY IS OBTAINED BY WAY OF MEASURING THE ARRIVAL TIMES OF REFERENCE SIGNALS (RS) AND QUANTUM SIGNALS (QS).
Abstract:
The present invention relates a system for preparation and unitary transformation of quantum states. This system performs transformations quickly in time by regular polarisation transformers. Another advantage of the system of the present invention is able to control all polarisation states, which are necessary to implement the protocol and can be realised by regular polarisation elements.
Abstract:
A method for a secure key distribution protocol based on hash functions utilizing quantum authentication channel (KDP-6DP) (200), comprising authenticating (210) a receiver using quantum authentication channel and distributing (220) secure key from sender to the receiver by encrypting message using hash functions (222). Authenticating the receiver using quantum authentication channel further comprises preparing six quantum states at a sender (212), sending two quantum states to the receiver (214), flipping the quantum states at the receiver (216), sending back the flipped quantum states to the sender (216), and validating the quantum states at the sender (218).
Abstract:
A method (100) and apparatus (200) for quantum-mechanically generating a random number based on polarization states of spontaneous parametric down- converted photons. The method (100) and apparatus (200) comprises a photon source (202) to generate a beam of photons (102), a first type-l nonlinear crystal (206) and a type-l second nonlinear crystal (207) to down-convert the beam of photons through spontaneous parametric down conversions to generate a pair of unidirectional beam of photons with random polarization states (104), characterized in that the first type-l nonlinear crystal (206) is adjacent to the second type-l nonlinear crystal (207) and optical axis of the first type-l nonlinear crystal (206) is orthogonal to optical axis of the second type-l nonlinear crystal (208), a polarized beam splitter (210) to split the pair of unidirectional beam of photons based on polarization states of the pair of unidirectional beam of photons into a beam of horizontally polarized photons and a beam of vertically polarized photons (106), a first detector (212) and a second detector (214) to detect the presence of the beam of horizontally polarized photons and the beam of vertically polarized photons respectively (108), and an electronic logic (216) to assign a first value to every photon in the beam of horizontally polarized photons and assign a second value to every photon in the beam of vertically polarized photons to generate a random number (110).