Abstract:
Disclosed is a differential amplifier circuit featuring electronic gain control, and this circuit may be constructed in monolithic integrated form. In one embodiment of the invention, first and second pairs of differentially coupled transistors are connected respectively to first and second differentially coupled input transistors, and the input transistors are connectable to a source of differential input signals. Differential output signals are derived at the outputs of transistors in each of the pairs of transistors, and by applying an automatic gain control (AGC) signal at a node which is common to the transistor pairs, electronic gain control is obtained without a differential signal arising therefrom. In another embodiment of the invention, an output differential amplifier stage is directly coupled to transistors in the first and second pairs of transistors so that any common mode signal present there is rejected in said output stage.
Abstract:
There is disclosed a Hall effect switching device involving the combination of a Hall effect device, a differential amplifier and a current control trigger circuit. The use of the differential amplifier in conjunction with the current control-trigger circuit amplifies the Hall effect voltage and permits the use of high hysteresis triggers. Control of the current control-trigger circuit is accomplished by a pair of current sources, the output of one of which is varied in response to the output of the differential amplifier. The trigger circuit is initially unbalanced in its OFF mode and is turned ON by the output of the amplifier reaching a predetermined high value. The trigger is turned OFF by the output of the differential amplifier returning to some specified low value.
Abstract:
A monolithic four-quadrant multiplier circuit, the output off which is subject to variations caused by changes in beta ( Beta ) due to changes in temperature, is temperature compensated by providing operating current thereto from a regulating circuit which causes the operating current for the multiplier to vary in accordance with a predetermined alpha ( Alpha ) relationship to cancel out the effect of changes in Beta on the multiplier output. A level shifting circuit is connected to the output of the multiplier and causes the output of the multiplier to be referenced to ground. In addition, the level shifting circuit includes roll-off filter circuits to prevent high frequency signals from passing to the output terminals over paths which would subject the signals to large amounts of phase shift.
Abstract:
Circuitry for providing a constant current to a load includes a source of current and a regulating circuit interposed between the current source and the load. The regulating circuit includes a current shunting transistor coupled to the output of the current source and a feedback transistor also coupled to the output of the current source and to the base of the current shunting transistor. A diode connected between the current shunting transistor and the current source is chosen to have a dynamic admittance substantially equal to the transconductance of the current shunting transistor to provide the latter with unity voltage gain. A variation in current output of the source is accommodated by the current shunting transistor so that a substantially constant voltage at the output thereof is maintained. An output circuit including a transistor, coupled to the output of the current shunting transistor and to the load, and controlled by the output voltage, provides a substantially constant current to the load despite current variations from the current source.
Abstract:
1,207,276. Transistor automatic gain control circuits. MOTOROLA Inc. 29 Nov. 1968 [29 Jan., 1968], No. 56743/68. Headings H3T and H4R. A gain control circuit comprises a first pair of transistors 40, 42, Fig. 2, with the collectoremitter path of a further transistor 48 as common emitter load, together with a second pair of transistors 44, 46 with the collector-emitter path of transistor 50 as common emitter load. Signals to be amplified are applied in push-pull to the bases of transistors 48, 50 the emitter circuits of which comprise a T-network of resistors 56, 58, 60: a push pull output is derived from the collectors of transistors 40, 46. Gain control signals are applied via terminals 52 between the bases of transistors 42, 44 and 40, 46 the arrangement being such that decoupling capacitors for the signal frequency are not necessary. In a modification transistors 48, 50, Fig. 4, are driven by means of a transformer 49 with equal series-connected secondary circuit resistors 51, 53, the emitter circuit being replaced by a # network of resistors 70, 72, 74. A temperature - compensated power supply is derived from a potentiometer network comprising resistors 71, 73, 114, 116 and transistors 85, 87 strapped as diodes: the collector supply for transistors 40, 46 is taken off via transistors 75, 76 and their base supply via a further transistor 77. Base bias for transistors 48, 50 is derived over transistor 179. Transistors 40, 46 drive an output stage comprising transistors 86, 88 and a pair of emitter-followers 82, 84: transistors 82, 84, 86, 88 are provided with a common emitter impedance comprising transistors 90,92 in Darlington connection. The transistors 90, 92 are biased from a potentiometer network comprising resistors 89, 91 and transistors 85, 87 strapped as diodes.