Abstract:
A system and method for adjusting the phase of the analog signal produced by an analog modem (26) connected to a digital modem (20) over a telephone network (22). The digital portion of the telephone network is locked to the network clock, and the modems (20 and 26) have no control over the sampling timing or rate as the analog signal is sampled and quantized by a codec (23). If the analog signal is shifted in phase relative to the network clock, the codec (23) may be sampling at unresolvable points on the analog signal, thereby causing errors and a decrease in the usable bandwidth for transmitting data. The analog modem (26) symbol frequency is locked (101) to the clock of the digital network (22) using loop-back timing. A phase estimate (103) is computed using the quantized samples of a known reference signal. Next, a phase offset (105) is calculated by comparing the phase estimate to an optimum phase value. Then the digital modem (20) sends the calculated phase offset information (107) to the analog modem (26). The analog modem (26) then delays its transmitted signal by the phase offset (109). After the phase of the analog modem's transmitter is adjusted, the analog signal reaches the codec (23) at the phase desired by the digital modem (20).
Abstract:
A device and method for precoding a sequence of analog levels transmitted over an analog channel to a quantization device, wherein the analog channel modifies the transmitted analog levels, including: a mapping device for mapping data bits to be transmitted to a sequence of equivalence classes, wherein each equivalence class contains one or more constellation points; a constellation point selector interconnected to the mapping device which selects a constellation point in each equivalence class to represent the data bits to be transmitted and which transmits a level that produces the selected constellation point at an input to the quantization device; and a filter device, operably coupled to the constellation point selector, which receives at its input previously transmitted levels and provides its output to the constellation point selector; wherein the filter device has a filter response which is based on the previously transmitted levels and a target response, and the target response is adapted using an analog channel error signal, the selected constellation point at an input to the quantization device.
Abstract:
In a PCM modem system in which equivalence classes are used to communicate information from a transmitter to a receiver, a method is provided to solve the problem of 180° phase reversals in the communications channel which result in a garbled transmission. This is accomplished by remapping the equivalence classes into a form that can be differentially encoded and decoded such that equivalence class identity is not lost during a phase reversal of the channel.
Abstract:
In order to achieve reliable and efficient communication over public switched telephone networks (PSTN), voice-band modems utilize sophisticated start-up procedures. This invention involves a start-up procedure that allows an analog modem and a digital modem to establish a dial-up connection that utilizes PCM modulation in both upstream and downstream directions for data transmission.
Abstract:
A device and method for precoding a sequence of analog levels transmitted over an analog channel to a quantization device, wherein the analog channel modifies the transmitted analog levels, including: a mapping device for mapping data bits to be transmitted to a sequence of equivalence classes, wherein each equivalence class contains one or more constellation points; a constellation point selector interconnected to the mapping device which selects a constellation point in each equivalence class to represent the data bits to be transmitted and which transmits a level that produces the selected constellation point at an input to the quantization device; and a filter device, operably coupled to the constellation point selector, which receives at its input previously transmitted levels and provides its output to the constellation point selector; wherein the filter device has a filter response which is based on the previously transmitted levels and a target response, and the target response is adapted using an analog channel error signal, the selected constellation point at an input to the quantization device.
Abstract:
A transmitter in an analog pulse code modulation (PCM) modem (12) which transmits analog levels over an analog channel (18) to produce constellation points at a quantization device (26), wherein the constellation points correspond to groups of data bits to be transmitted to a digital PCM modem (28), the transmitter includes: a transmitter device which selects for each group of data bits to be transmitted a constellation point corresponding to the group of data bits and transmits over the analog channel a level that will produce at the input to the quantization device the selected constellation point; wherein the constellation points are chosen from a transmit constellation consisting of a plurality of non-uniformly spaced constellation points that have substantially equivalent, minimized error probability, constellation point to constellation point.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus is provided for controlling the transmit power of an analog modem (12) when the transmit power does not match the desired transmit power level, thus conforming to FCC regulations on transmit power and/or eliminating non-linearities associated with higher than required power levels and loss of signal-to-noise ratio and concomitant at loss of data rate if the transmit power levels are less than that desired. The power level (26) at the analog modem (12) is sensed to ascertain if it is not at the desired transmit power level (28), with adjustment being provided by transmitting the desired change (30) in the transmit power level to the digital modem (18), whereupon mapping parameters (34, 36) are redefined by adjusting the number of equivalence classes, thus to adjust transmit power at analog modem (12).
Abstract:
A transmitter in an analog pulse code modulation (PCM) modem (12) which transmits analog levels over an analog channel (18) to produce constellation points at a quantization device (26), wherein the constellation points correspond to groups of data bits to be transmitted to a digital PCM modem (28), the transmitter includes: a transmitter device which selects for each group of data bits to be transmitted a constellation point corresponding to the group of data bits and transmits over the analog channel a level that will produce at the input to the quantization device the selected constellation point; wherein the constellation points are chosen from a transmit constellation consisting of a plurality of non-uniformly spaced constellation points that have substantially equivalent, minimized error probability, constellation point to constellation point.
Abstract:
In a PCM modem system, a method and apparatus for optimizing the fractional sampling phase offset in the upstream direction to maximize the upstream data rate utilizes a probing signal from the analog modem generated during startup and having at least two distinct phases of a pure tone, with the probing signal being detected at the digital modem where an optimum sampling phase value is calculated. From this calculated value, a signal representing the appropriate amount to delay the input data stream is transmitted back to the analog modem for adjustment of the fractional sampling phase so that the fractional sampling phase offset at the central office quantizer is optimized.