Abstract:
This invention lowers emissions in pre-mixed gas turbine combustors. It employs a catalyst (15) deposited on the inner surfaces (13) of the combustor (12) within a thermal barrier coating on the combustor liner walls (16).
Abstract:
A low emissions combustor for use in gas turbines which operate at turbine inlet temperatures below about 1250 degrees Kelvin, which comprises; a multiplicity of microlith catalyst elements; and means for providing an admixture of fuel and air having an adiabatic flame temperature within the range of 600 to 1250 degrees Kelvin and means to preheat the catalyst to an effective temperature prior to introduction of fuel.
Abstract:
An emissions control system for rich-burn internal combustion engines, includes a reaction chamber (7) for thermal oxidation of exhaust gas fuel values. A passive means (5, 4) utilizes exhaust flow energy (2) for induction of air into engine exhaust gas, and a duct (3) transfers the exhaust gas together with the inducted air into the reaction chamber (7) for thermal oxidation. To achieve a high degree of efficiency the thermal oxidation is facilitated by thorough mixing of air and exhaust gas by recirculation means (9) to insure gas phase thermal reaction.
Abstract:
A catalytic reaction system and method for rapid light-off of hydrocarbon conversion reactions comprising at least one microlith catalyst element (10) of sufficiently low thermal mass to be electrically heatable at the rate of at least 100 degrees Kelvin per second with less than about 50 watts of power per square centimeter of catalyst area perpendicular to the direction of flow. The catalyst element (10) has flow channels (11) with flow paths less than about two millimeters and with a ratio of channel length to channel diameter of less than about two to one.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for the destruction of hazardous carbonaceous wastes by the plug flow, thermal combustion of said wastes comprising (a) obtaining an intimate admixture of vaporized fuel (18) and air (47), said admixture containing at least a stoichiometric amount of air, (b) passing said admixture to a plug flow combustion zone (20), and (c) effecting sustained and essentially complete combustion of said fuel under essentially adiabatic conditions to destroy said wastes and to form a combustion effluent (19) of high thermal energy; said combustion being characterized by said fuel-air admixture having an adiabatic flame temperature such that the actual flame temperature in the combustion zone is greater than about 1350 K.
Abstract:
Method of operating a catalytic ignition internal combustion engine wherein the fuel is injected into a combustion chamber (24) at a time near maximum compression such that at least part of the fuel impinges upon an oxidation catalyst surface (14) comprising a portion of the wall (11) of said combustion chamber, said catalytic surface (14) being insulated from the surroundings external to the combustion chamber by a low thermal conductivity material (13), said catalytic surface (14) preferably comprising platinum. Also disclosed are combustion chambers constructed specially for the use of this method and the methods of constructing them.
Abstract:
A novel catalytic reactor is provided for controlling the contact of a limiting reactant with a catalyst surface. A first flow vessel defines an interior surface and an exterior surface, and the interior surface has a catalyst deposited on at least a portion thereof. A second flow vessel is positioned within the first flow vessel and the second flow vessel defines a porous surface designed to deliver a fluid uniformly to at least a portion of the interior surface of the first flow vessel.
Abstract:
A method for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons is provided wherein an endothermic catalyst and an oxidation catalyst are positioned upon a short channel-length metallic substrate; the endothermic catalyst positioned under a surface layer of the oxidation catalyst positioned on the metallic substrate. A fuel-rich supply of hydrocarbons and oxygen is then passed over the substrate. The method includes providing an oxidation catalyst on at least a portion of a surface of the metallic substrate wherein a hydrocarbon is oxidized by an oxygen mass-transfer-limited reaction on the oxidation catalyst surface; and providing an endothermic catalyst on the metallic substrate below the oxidation catalyst surface whereby an endothermic reaction follows the oxygen mass-transfer-limited reaction below the oxidation catalyst surface.
Abstract:
An improved catalytic reactor includes a housing having a plate positioned therein defining a first zone and a second zone, and a plurality of conduits fabricated from a heat conducting material and adapted for conducting a fluid therethrough. The conduits are positioned within the housing such that the conduit exterior surfaces and the housing interior surface within the second zone define a first flow path while the conduit interior surfaces define a second flow path through the second zone and not in fluid communication with the first flow path. The conduit exits define a second flow path exit, the conduit exits and the first flow path exit being proximately located and interspersed. The conduits define at least one expanded section that contacts adjacent conduits thereby spacing the conduits within the second zone and forming first flow path exit flow orifices having an aggregate exit area greater than a defined percent of the housing exit plane area. Lastly, at least a portion of the first flow path defines a catalytically active surface.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method of recovering stranded oil wherein heated fluid is injected into a reservoir containing stranded oil in a region near the reservoir ceiling. The heated oil drains toward the reservoir floor and is recovered via a production well.