Abstract:
New analogues of 8-anilino naphthalene-1-sulphonic acid, processes for their preparation, and their use in enzyme immunoassay techniques. In particular the invention refers to compounds of the formula where R1 is H or an aliphatic group of from 1-8 carbon atoms, R2 is H or C(Y)=X where X is O or S, Y is H or an aliphatic group of 1-8 carbon atoms, n is 1 or 2, m is 1 or 2 and A is an anion of a strong acid.
Abstract:
Method of non-homogenous enzyme immunoassay including the initial step of binding an analogue of ligand to an enzyme to form an enzyme-ligand analogue complex. This complex is then contacted with antibody for the ligand so as to bind the complex thereto. The enzyme analogue may then be displaced from the binding sites of the antibody by addition of the original ligand to which the antibody has been derived or of a different analogue having a higher specificity for the antibody than the enzyme labelled analogue. Subsequently the liberated enzyme analogue is separated from the enzyme analogue bound to the antibody and a quantity of liberated enzyme analogue is measured thereby determining the amount of ligand in a sample by comparison of the amount of liberated enzyme analogue with known concentrations of ligand.
Abstract:
Method of determining a substrate in a sample which comprises converting the substrate to a product in a first stage of a cyclic reaction sequence and converting the product back to the substrate in a second reaction stage of the cyclic reaction sequence. At least one of the first and second reaction stages is enzyme catalyzed. Simultaneously with either the first reaction stage or the second reaction stage an indicating substrate is convened to an indicating product in a non-reversible indicator reaction. After this the loss of indicating substract or gain of indicating product may be determined. The method is particularly efficacious in enzyme immunoassay determinations which include homogeneous enzyme immunoassay and enzyme linked immunoassay wherein the free or bound enzyme-ligand or enzyme antibody conjugate is to be assayed by the method of the invention.
Abstract:
A colorimeter including a phototransistor (16) a light source (18) of appropriate wavelength, a red blocking filter (20) for blocking light of wavelength greater than 660 nm, the filter being interposed in the optical path between the light source and the phototransistor, and a cell or cuvette (1) adapted to receive a sample liquid to be analysed also interposed in the optical path. An air segmented continuous flow automatic chemical analysis system including phase separation apparatus which comprises a membrane filter (52) clamped between two members (50, 51) each having surface grooves (56, 57) in opposed faces thereof which constitute together with the membrane filter ducts for the passage of liquid. One duct is for the passing through of an air segmented liquid sample stream and another duct is for the passing through of an air segmented liquid recipient stream. There is also provided pumping means (70) for pumping the sample stream through the phase separation apparatus and before discharge. The invention also relates to an automatic chemical analysis module for use with the above mentioned system and heating bath for use with the system.