Abstract:
A method for stabilizing a charge director solution, and a charge director composition made by this method, whereby a charge director is mixed with a solvent and a polar monomer species and a polymerization reaction is initiated and allowed to progress to completion.
Abstract:
An improved liquid toner composition for developing latent electrostatic images comprising toner particles, a release agent and a nonpolar dispersant liquid. An agent causing an apparent increase in the cohesivity of the toner particles may be included in the toner composition, or such agent may be used independently of the release agent in the toner composition.
Abstract:
A process for replenishing a liquid developer, and a liquid developer made by the process, comprising transferring a first composition comprising a carrier liquid and a charge director into the liquid developer and transferring a second composition comprising toner particles, carrier liquid and charge director into the liquid developer. The amount of charge director in each of the first and second compositions charge director is in a predetermined ratio which results in a constant level of charge director in the liquid developer when the liquid developer is utilized in an electrostatic or printing process.
Abstract:
A copier wherein charge director (16) is supplied to a liquid developer (10) in response to a conductivity measurement thereof. The toner concentrate (14) is deficient in charge director and is supplied to the liquid developer in response to an optical transmissivity measurement thereof. Conductivity is measured by a pair of spaced electrodes (70, 71) immersed in the developer and excited by a variable alternating voltage source through a fixed resistor (74). The effects of inherent capacitance between electrodes are neutralized by a variable capacitor (72). A phase sensitive detector is provided with a reference voltage having the same phase shift as occasioned by capacitive effects. The copier is disabled if developer conductivity decreases appreciably below the desired value or if the developer temperature becomes excessive. The developer conductivity measurement is corrected by a developer temperature measurement. The control system solves the problems of faint images and formation of sludge deposits due to excessive or insufficient levels of charge director.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a method or forming and using a very dense layer of particles that have been encapsulated in a thermoplastic polymer binder and electrically deposited on a substrate. Space-charge-limited deposition is made possible by the addition of novel charge directors that are essentially nonconductive in aliphatic hydrocarbon liquid in the absence of binder. The particle layer can be designed to possess numerous characteristics by varying the particles to be encapsulated. Many structures can be fabricated from the different particle layers including thermal detectors, electrical interconnects, p-n junctions, micro-metallic structures, field-emitting devices, and optical coatings. A technique for the removal of semiconductor dislocations is also discussed.