Abstract:
Ion exchange columns containing a layer of weak resin and a layer of strong resin are regenerated by passing partially spent regenerant through the column to regenerate the weak resin and then passing fresh regenerant through the column to regenerate the strong resin. Efficient regeneration is achieved in a downflow regeneration process and silica and calcium sulphate precipitation problems are reduced. In some cases, it is desirable to soak the strong resin in regenerant after the weak regenerant as been passed through the column in order to improve separation of the resins, shorten the total regeneration time and remove additional silica ions. The processes are preferably practiced on systems of three or more columns in which the columns are sequentially exhausted and regenerated, with at least two columns being regenerated in series.
Abstract:
An improved settler assembly comprising a plurality of inclined passages of chevron cross-sectional configuration. The chevron configuration provides a higher critical flow rate than for passages of equal area and length but of conventional crosssectional configuration such as square, circular, hexagonal and the like. A method of separating suspended material from a liquid is disclosed.
Abstract:
HEAVY METAL POLLUTANT IONS ARE REMOVED FROM AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION IN ASULFIDE PRECIPITATION PROCESS THAT AVOIDS GENERATION OF NOXIOUS AMOUNTS OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND THE FORATION OF SOLUBLE COMPLEXES OF SULFIDE IONS. SULFIDE ION AND A HEAVY METAL ION THAT FORMS A SULFIDE HAVING A HIGHER EQUILIBRIUM SULFIDE ION CONCENTRATION THAN THE SULFIELD OF THE HEAVY METAL POLLUTANT ARE ADDED TO THE SOLUTION. THE ADDED HEAVY METAL ACTS AS A SCAVENGER FOR EXCESS SULFIDE. IN SOME CASES THE ADDED HEAVY METAL AND THE HEAVY METAL POLLUTANT FORM CO-PRECIPITATES WHICH RESULT IN MORE COMPLETE REMOVAL OF THE POLLUTANT ION THAN COULD BE ACHIEVED BY SULFIDE PRECIPITATION OF THE POLLUTANT ALONE.
Abstract:
Ion exchange columns containing a layer of weak resin and a layer of strong resin are regenerated by passing partially spent regenerant through the column to regenerate the weak resin and then passing fresh regenerant through the column to regenerate the strong resin. Efficient regeneration is achieved in a downflow regeneration process and silica and calcium sulphate precipitation problems are reduced. In some cases, it is desirable to soak the strong resin in regenerant after the weak regenerant as been passed through the column in order to improve separation of the resins, shorten the total regeneration time and remove additional silica ions. The processes are preferably practiced on systems of three or more columns in which the columns are sequentially exhausted and regenerated, with at least two columns being regenerated in series.