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公开(公告)号：CA1178332A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-20
申请号：CA407779
申请日：1982-07-21
Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Inventor： KUNZ HAROLD R , DAMIANO PAUL J , LUCZAK FRANCIS J
Abstract: A continuous process of removing ammonia gas from a gas stream is disclosed. A bed of solid porous material is provided which is wetted with an acid and the ammonia gas is removed by reacting with the acid to form an ammoniated salt. The porous material containing the acid is held at an electrochemical potential sufficient to oxidize the ammoniated salt of the acid to produce nitrogen gas regardless of the content of the gas stream. The porous substrate can be flooded with an insulating layer to permit entry of only the formed salt and barrier to the, for example, reducing gas, thereby improving the efficiency of the system.
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公开(公告)号：CA1249330A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-24
申请号：CA490427
申请日：1985-09-11
Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Inventor： KUNZ HAROLD R , SZYMANSKI STEPHEN J
Abstract: Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell with Improved Electrolyte Storage Molten carbonate fuel cells having anodes, cathodes, and matrices of specific characteristics result in improved cell performance as electrolyte is lost due to evaporation, reaction, etc. The anode has a mean pore diameter less than that of the cathode, a porosity sufficient to contain enough electrolyte to provide for the electrolyte lost, and a ratio of maximum pore diameter at 90% electrolyte fill to maximum pore diameter at 10% electrolyte fill of less than about three. The cathode has a larger mean pore size than that of the anode, a thickness greater than about 0.050 cm, a porosity greater than about 78%, and pore-size distribution such that, when the anode electrolyte content changes from 90% to 10% fill, the cathode electrolyte content changes from about 40% to about 25% fill. In addition, the cathode has about 20% of its pore volumes in pores less than about 0.5.mu.resulting in a surface area of the cathode above about 1 m2/g. The matrix has a pore size distribution such that greater than 98% of the matrix is filled with electrolyte when the anode is 10% filled with electrolyte.
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公开(公告)号：CA1241369A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-30
申请号：CA473465
申请日：1985-02-01
Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Inventor： KATZ MURRAY , KUNZ HAROLD R
Abstract: Electrolyte lost from a fuelcell, such as by evaporation, is replenished by introducing electrolyte from an external source into a reactant gas stream being delivered into the cell. The fresh electrolyte is vaporized or formed into droplets as it enters the cell such as by spraying the fresh electrolyte into the gas stream. If the electrolyte vapor pressure in the entering gas stream is made high enough, evaporation of the electrolyte from the cell can be halted or electrolyte can even be added to the cell from the gas stream.
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公开(公告)号：CA1117741A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-09
申请号：CA341681
申请日：1979-12-10
Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Inventor： KATZ MURRAY , GRUVER GARY A , KUNZ HAROLD R
Abstract: REGENERABLE AMMONIA SCRUBBER Ammonia gas is scrubbed from a gas stream in a bed of material soaked with acid, and the bed is regenerated by passing an oxygen containing gas therethrough. The preferred acid is phosphoric acid and the preferred support material is carbon in the form of porous particles. In a fuel cell system dual scrubbers alternately scrub ammonia from reform gas and are subsequently regenerated so as to provide the fuel cells with a continuous flow of substantially ammonia free hydrogen. C-368A
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：CA1261300A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-26
申请号：CA490233
申请日：1985-09-09
Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Inventor： GRUVER GARY A , KUNZ HAROLD R
Abstract: Circulating Electrolyte Electrochemical Cell Having Gas Depolarized Cathodes with Hydrophobic Barrier Layer Gas depolarized cathodes having hydrophobic barrier layers for circulation electrolyte electrochemical cells; methods of making said cathodes; and methods of electrolyzing solutions of halide containing compounds using said electrodes. Typically, in electrochemical cells cathodes are oriented vertically resulting in significant electrolyte pressure against the cathode. The barrier layer comprising fluorocarbon polymer and carbon results in substantially no electrolyte leakage through the cathode when the electrolyte pressure is up to three pounds per square inch above ambient.
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公开(公告)号：CA1069972A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-15
申请号：CA282055
申请日：1977-07-05
Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Inventor： BUSHNELL CALVIN L , KUNZ HAROLD R
Abstract: ELECTROLYTE RESERVOIR FOR A FUEL CELL An electrolyte reservoir layer disposed behind and adjacent one of the catalyst layers of a fuel cell is porous and hydrophilic to the electrolyte. In one embodiment the reservoir layer includes impregnations of hydrophobic material on the catalyst facing surface thereof and holes leading from the other surface to the impregnations for providing reactant gas passages through the reservoir layer to the catalyst layer. The impregnations of hydrophobic material are designed to provide good distribution of the reactant gas into the catalyst layer without consuming a large volume of the reservoir. In a preferred embodiment the reservoir is also the electrode substrate whereby the catalyst layer is bonded to the surface thereof.
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公开(公告)号：CA1247696A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-27
申请号：CA486045
申请日：1985-06-28
Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Inventor： KUNZ HAROLD R
Abstract: A Binary Electrolyte For Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells A binary electrolyte for a molten carbonate fuel cell is disclosed, The electrolyte is approximately 72 m% Li2CO3 and 28 m% K2CO3 and displays a uniform lithium to potassium in molar ratio during operation along the length of the fuel cell stack.
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公开(公告)号：CA1085371A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-09
申请号：CA275327
申请日：1977-04-01
Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Inventor： KUNZ HAROLD R
IPC: H01M4/88 , B01J21/18 , B01J23/14 , B01J23/38 , B01J23/40 , B01J23/42 , B01J23/80 , B01J23/89 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96
Abstract: A support material for platinum, platinum alloys, or other noble metal catalyst, is made from carbon particles by heat treating the carbon until it is at least partially graphitized, depositing a metal on the ?eat treated carbon particles which will catalyze the oxidation of graphite in an oxidizing atmosphere, ant oxidizing the surfaces of the heat treated carbon particles at the sites of the catalyst crystals to pit or etch the surfaces at these sites. When this material is used as a support for platinum it reduces the rate of platinum migration when the supported platinum catalyst is heated in the presence of a liquid, thereby reducing the loss of platinum surface area which often occurs under these conditions.
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公开(公告)号：CA1044315A
公开(公告)日：1978-12-12
申请号：CA249290
申请日：1976-03-31
Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Inventor： KUNZ HAROLD R , REISER CARL A
Abstract: METHOD FOR FEEDING REACTANT GAS TO FUEL CELLS IN A STACK AND APPARATUS THEREFOR A flow scheme for feeding a reactant gas to the cells of a fuel cell stack wherein the cells are connected electrically in series. For example, the fuel gas is passed in parallel over a portion of each fuel electrode and thereupon into a mixing manifold which directs the exhausted gases in parallel over a different portion of each fuel electrode and thereupon into another manifold. This is continued, depending upon the stack configuration, with the exhausted gases passing back and forth in parallel over different portions of the fuel electrodes and exhausting into a manifold until the fuel gas has covered the entire fuel electrode of each cell in the stack. This reduces the harmful effect of a blockage within the reactant gas chamber of a cell and also reduces the harmful effect caused by a maldistribution of current in one of the cells in the stack.
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