Abstract:
A method of making a gas-impermeable, chemically inert container wall structure comprising the steps of providing a base layer of an organic polymeric material; conducting a pair of reactive gases to the surface of the base layer preferably by pulsed gas injection; heating the gases preferably by microwave energy pulses sufficiently to create a plasma which causes chemical reaction of the gases to form an inorganic vapor compound which becomes deposited on the surface, and continuing the conducting and heating until the compound vapor deposit on the surface forms a gas-impermeable, chemically inert barrier layer of the desired thickness on the surface. Various wall structures and apparatus for making them are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Composite materials that can be used to block radiation of a selected wavelength range or provide highly pure colors are disclosed. The materials include dispersions of particles that exhibit optical resonance behavior, resulting in the radiation absorption cross-sections that substantially exceed the particles' geometric cross-sections. The particles are preferably manufactured as uniform nanosize encapsulated spheres, and dispersed evenly within a carrier material. Either the inner core or the outer shell of the particles comprises a conducting material exhibiting plasmon (Froehlich) resonance in a desired spectral band. The large absorption cross-sections ensure that a relatively small volume of particles will render the composite material fully opaque (or nearly so) to incident radiation of the resonance wavelength, blocking harmful radiation or producing highly pure colors. The materials of the present invention can be used in manufacturing ink, paints, lotions, gels, films, textiles and other solids having desired color properties. The materials of the present invention can be used in systems consisting of reflecting substances such as paper or transparent support such as plastic or glass films. The particles can be further embedded in transparent plastic or glass beads to ensure a minimal distance between the particles.
Abstract:
Composite materials that can be used to block ultraviolet radiation of a selected wavelength range are disclosed. The materials include dispersions of particles that exhibit optical resonance behavior, resulting in absorption cross-sections that substantially exceed the particles' geometric cross-sections. The particles are preferably manufactured as uniform nanosize encapsulated spheres, and dispersed evenly within a carrier material. Either the inner core or the outer shell of the particles comprises a conducting material exhibiting plasmon (Froehlich) resonance in a desired spectral band. The large absorption cross-sections ensure that a relatively small volume of particles will render the composite material fully opaque (or nearly so) to incident radiation of the resonance wavelength, blocking harmful radiation. The materials of the present invention can be used in manufacturing sunscreens, UV filters and blockers, ink, paints, lotions, gels, films, textiles, wound dressing and other solids having desired ultraviolet radiationabsorbing properties. The materials of the present invention can be used in systems consisting of reflecting substances such as paper or transparent support such as plastic or glass films. The particles can be further embedded in transparent plastic or glass beads to ensure a minimal distance between the particles.
Abstract:
Se revelan materiales compuestos que pueden usarse para bloquear radiacion de un indice de longitud de onda seleccionado o proporcionar colores muy puros. Los materiales incluyen dispersiones de particulas que exhiben un comportamiento de resonancia optica, que da como resultado secciones transversales de absorcion de radiacion que substancialmente exceden las secciones transversales geometricas de las particulas. Las particulas de preferencia se manufacturan como esperas encapsuladas de nanotamano uniforme, y se dispersan de manera uniforme en el material portador. Tanto el nucleo interior como la cubierta exterior de las particulas comprenden un material conductor que exhibe resonancia de plasmon (Froehlich) en una banda espectral deseada. Las secciones transversales de larga absorcion aseguran que un volumen relativamente pequeno de particulas proporcionara el material compuesto completamente opaco (o casi opaco) para la radicacion incidente de la longitud de onda de resonancia, bloqueando la radiacion danina o produciendo colores muy puros. Los materiales de la presente invencion pueden usarse en la fabricacion de pantallas para sol, filtros y bloqueadores UV, tinta, pinturas, lociones, gels, peliculas, telas, vestuario tejido y otros solidos que tienen propiedades de radioabsorbencia ultravioleta necesarias. Los materiales de la presente invencion pueden usarse en sistemas que consisten en substancias reflectoras tales como papel o soporte transparente tal como plastico o peliculas de vidrio. Las particulas tambien pueden configurarse en perlas transparentes de plastico o cristal para asegurar una distancia minima entre las particulas.
Abstract:
Composite materials that can be used to block ultraviolet radiation of a selected wavelength range are disclosed. The materials include dispersions o f particles that exhibit optical resonance behavior, resulting in absorption cross-sections that substantially exceed the particles' geometric cross- sections. The particles are preferably manufactured as uniform nanosize encapsulated spheres, and dispersed evenly within a carrier material. Either the inner core or the outer shell of the particles comprises a conducting material exhibiting plasmon (Froehlich) resonance in a desired spectral band . The large absorption cross-sections ensure that a relatively small volume of particles will render the composite material fully opaque (or nearly so) to incident radiation of the resonance wavelength, blocking harmful radiation. The materials of the present invention can be used in manufacturing sunscreens, UV filters and blockers, ink, paints, lotions, gels, films, textiles, wound dressing and other solids having desired ultraviolet radiationabsorbing properties. The materials of the present invention can be used in systems consisting of reflecting substances such as paper or transparent support such as plastic or glass films. The particles can be further embedded in transparent plastic or glass beadsto ensure a minimal distance between the particles.
Abstract:
Composite materials that can be used to block radiation of a selected wavelength range or provide highly pure colors are disclosed. The materials include dispersions of particles that exhibit optical resonance behavior, resulting in the radiation absorption cross-sections that substantially exce ed the particles' geometric cross-sections. The particles are preferably manufactured as uniform nanosize encapsulated spheres, and dispersed evenly within a carrier material. Either the inner core or the outer shell of the particles comprises a conducting material exhibiting plasmon (Froehlich) resonance in a desired spectral band. The large absorption cross-sections ensure that a relatively small volume of particles will render the composite material fully opaque (or nearly so) to incident radiation of the resonance wavelength, blocking harmful radiation or producing highly pure colors. The materials of the present invention can be used in manufacturing ink, paints, lotions, gels, films, textiles and other solids having desired color properties. The materials of the present invention can be used in systems consisting of reflecting substances such as paper or transparent support suc h as plastic or glass films. The particles can be further embedded in transparent plastic or glass beads to ensure a minimal distance between the particles.